Exam 1: Chapter 1 - Intro Into Biochem

Question 1

Is RNA
single stranded or double stranded?
ribose or deoxyribose backbone?
contains uracil or thymine base?

Answer 1

Single stranded
ribose backbone
uracil base

Question 2

Is DNA
single stranded or double stranded?
ribose or deoxyribose backbone?
contains uracil or thymine base?

Answer 2

double stranded
deoxyribose backbone
thymine base

Question 3

How are a phospholipid bilayer membrane arranged?

Answer 3

hydrophilic head facing outward at water and hydrophobic tail facing inward toward itself

Question 4

nucleic acids are polymer of…

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

proteins are polymer of…

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

polysaccharides are a polymer of…

Answer 6

monosaccharides

Question 7

what does a carbohydrate chemical makeup look like?

Answer 7

CxHxOx long chain such as C6H12O6

Question 8

what does a lipid chemical makeup look like?

Answer 8

lots of aromatic regions that are nonpolar

Question 9

what does a nucleotide chemical makeup look like?

Answer 9

deoxyribose or ribose ring

Question 10

what is the central dogma?

Answer 10

DNA replication –> Transcription –> Translation
DNA –> RNA –> Protein

Question 11

Translation is

Answer 11

RNA to protein

Question 12

Transcription is

Answer 12

DNA to RNA

Question 13

Replication is

Answer 13

DNA to DNA

Question 14

Prokaryotes

Answer 14

lack membrane bound organelles, only unicellular

Question 15

Eukaryotes

Answer 15

contains mitochondria, can be multicellular or unicellular

Question 16

Which components are in a lipid bilayer membrane

Answer 16

proteins, lipids

Question 17

Parts of a prokaryote cell

Answer 17

PurposeGames

Question 18

Parts of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 18

PurposeGames

Question 19

Plasma membrane

Answer 19

The plasma membrane is a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell, and uses transport channels to be highly selective. The selectivity of the plasma membrane allows it to regulate the transport of ions, molecules, and proteins into and out of the cell.

Question 20

Nucleolus

Answer 20

contains chromatin (genes) and site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

oxidizes fuels for ATP synthesis

Question 22

Lysosomes

Answer 22

contain digestive enzymes necessary to break down cellular waste and debris

Question 23

Smooth ER

Answer 23

lipid biosynthesis and drug metabolism. Doesn’t have ribosomes

Question 24

Rough ER

Answer 24

produces proteins that needs to be modified before use

Question 25

Ribosomes

Answer 25

composed of ribosomal RNA and protein. The two subunits function in concert to synthesize new proteins using messenger RNA

Question 26

Golgi apparatus

Answer 26

proteins are modified by this and repackaged into vesicles

Question 27

Step of protein synthesis in a cell

Answer 27

1. gene undergoes transcription
2. RNA translated into protein by ribosomes on the rough ER
3. Protein enters the lumen of the ER
4. Protein is sent to Golgi and packaged into vesicles