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Organ Histology > Exam 1 - Chapter 1 - Epithelium > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Chapter 1 - Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
muscle

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2
Q

What are the 3 general functions of epithelium?

A

Absorption
secretion
Providing living barrier

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3
Q

What are three specialized functions of epithelium?

A

Transport molecules across epithelium
Prevent transport of materials across epithelium (selective permeability)
Sensory (ex: taste buds, retina in eye).

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4
Q

What are 5 basic characteristics that epithelium share?

A

Cells are adjacent to each other.
Associated with complete or partial basement membrane.
Avascular
Associated with vascular connective tissue.
Cells held together by cells junctions.

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5
Q

What are the two parts of a complete basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina and

Reticular lamina

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6
Q

A partial basement membrane has only a ___?

A

Basal lamina

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7
Q

What are four functions of a basement membrane?

A

Provides a surface for epithelial attachment.
Molecular filter.
Limits stretch - protective.
Directs migration of cells (i.e. during wound healing.)

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8
Q

If epithelium is avascular, how do cells obtain nutrition?

A

By diffusion

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9
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue in association with epithelium?

A

Provide nutrition

Source of defensive cells

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10
Q

Cell junction that involves the sharing of intrinsic membrane proteins BETWEEN adjacent cells.

A

zonula occludens

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11
Q

What are two functions of zonula occludens?

A

Provides strong attachment.

Prevents the passage of materials between cells.

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12
Q

What are the linkage proteins between cells in zonula adherens cell junctions?

A

cadherins

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13
Q

What attaches the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane in zonula adherens?

A

Marginal bands (microfilaments)

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14
Q

What two regions are part of the zonula adherens?

A

Cadherins and marginal bands (microfilaments)

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15
Q

What are the two functions of zonula adherens cell junctions?

A

Strong attachment

Provide cell structural stability

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16
Q

What is another name for zonula occludens?

A

Tight junctions

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17
Q

What is another name for macula adherens?

A

desmosome

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18
Q

What is the function of macula adherens?

A

Provides strong attachment

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19
Q

Type of junction that is a disc shaped structure at the surface of one cell that are matched with identical structure at an adjacent cell surface.

A

Macula adherens (desmosome)

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20
Q

This type of cell junctions has connexins (proteins) arranged in a cylinder.

A

Gap junction

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21
Q

How many connexins in a gap junction are arranged in a cylinder?

A

six

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22
Q

A _______ = one complete structure in a gap junction.

A

connexon

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23
Q

The size of the openings in a gap junction can be controlled by what?

A

By the cell

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24
Q

What are the two functions of the gap junction?

A

Strong attachment

Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another.

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25
Q

Junctional complex = 3 junctions in the following order beginning with the free cell surface:

A

Zona occludens
Zona adherens
Macula adherens

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26
Q

What are junctions that hold the epithelium to the basement membrane and the connective tissue below?

A

hemidesmosomes and

Focal point contacts

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27
Q

Help to connect epithelial to basal lamina.

A

hemidesmosome

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28
Q

Interim binds to structural CT glycoprotein and also connects to cytoskeleton.

A

Focal point contacts

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29
Q

What is a transmembrane protein of the cell membrane called?

A

integrin

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30
Q

An autoimmune skin disease causing large blistering lesions that burst, but do heal. (Usually fatal)

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

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31
Q

The cause of this disease is that antibodies bind to some proteins in hemidesmosomes.

A

Bullous pemphigoid

32
Q

An autoimmune skin disease causing skin blistering that do not heal easily; excessive bleeding likely. Can be fatal.

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

33
Q

Cause of this disease is antibodies bind to some parts of desmosomes.

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

34
Q

Acute bacterial infection of the small intestines.

A

cholera

35
Q

Cause of this disease: toxins disrupt proteins in zonula occludens with permits the loss of water and electrolytes from the CT below the epithelium.

A

cholera

36
Q

Epithelium that is a single cell thick is called?

A

Simple epithelium

37
Q

Functions of simple squamous epithelium.

A

Living filter

Provide barrier

38
Q

Example locations of simple squamous epithelium (3)

A

Lung,
parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule in the kidney,
serosa on the outside of organs

39
Q

Functions of simple cuboidal epithelium.

A

Absorption
secretion
Provide a barrier

40
Q

A single layer of cube shaped cells.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

41
Q

Example locations for simple cuboidal epithelium.

A

exocrine ducts,
Thyroid follicular cells,
Kidney tubules

42
Q

What is different about the nucleus of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasm.

43
Q

A single layer of cells that have height.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

44
Q

Three functions of simple columnar epithelium.

A

Absorption
secretion
Provide a barrier

45
Q

What is polarization in simple columnar?

A

Nucleus is all at same level, usually at bottom toward BM, all doing same fxn and more active at the bottom.

46
Q

What is another name for ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Respiratory epithelium

47
Q

What are example locations for respiratory epithelium?

A

Trachea,
Respiratory region of nasal cavity
bronchii

48
Q

This epithelium has three cell types of various heights and can have the appearance of stratified epithelium.

A

Respiratory epithelium

Aka ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

49
Q

What are the three types of cells in respiratory epithelium?

A

Goblet cells
ciliated columnar cells
Basal cells

50
Q

What is the function of a goblet cell?

A

To produce mucus

51
Q

What are ciliated columnar cells?

A

Columnar cells that contain Celia.

52
Q

Cilia are anchored in the ______ of the cell.

A

apex

53
Q

Celia are anchored in the apex of the cell by what?

A

Basal bodies

54
Q

What is the function of the ciliated columnar cells?

A

To move mucus over the surface.

55
Q

Short pyramidal cells in respiratory epithelium that do not reach the surface.

A

Basal cells

56
Q

What is the function of basal cells in respiratory epithelium?

A

To be the stem cell for this type of epithelium (can divide and change into another cell type)

57
Q

What are four types of surface specializations?

A

microvilli
stereocilia
Celia
glycocalyx

58
Q

Finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells.

A

microvilli

59
Q

What are two other names for microvilli?

A

Brush border

Striated border

60
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

To increase surface area so as to increase absorption.

61
Q

What are some example locations of microvilli?

A

Kidney tubule cells

Small intestines

62
Q

Extremely long microvilli, usually fewer present than in microvilli.

A

stereocilia

63
Q

Are steriocilia related to true cilia?

A

NO

64
Q

What is the function of stereocilia?

A

To increase surface area

65
Q

What are example locations of stereocilia?

A

epididymis,

Cochlear hair cells

66
Q

Thin apical hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton.

A

cilia

67
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

To move something over a surface.

68
Q

What are some example locations for cilia?

A

Trachea,

oviduct

69
Q

Cells with cilia have many ____?

A

mitochondria

70
Q

In cells with cilia, basal bodies block free surfaces so there is NO _____ or _____?

A

Absorption

secretion

71
Q

Surface layer of glycoprotein and carbohydrates that covers some epithelium.

A

glycocalyx

72
Q

Glycocalyx is produced by what?

A

Epithelial cells

73
Q

What is the function of glycocalyx?

A

Protection

Cell recognition

74
Q

What are some other possible functions of glycocalyx?

A

Cell adhesion

Hold enzymes

75
Q

What are example locations of glycocalyx?

A

Stomach and small intestines

Organ Histology (1 decks)

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