Exam 1: chapter 1 Flashcards
mega-
Symbol: M
Decimal Equivalent: 1,000,000
Power of 10: Base x 10^6
kilo-
Symbol: k
Decimal Equivalent: 1,000
Power: Base x 10^3
deci-
Symbol: d
Decimal Equivalent: 0.1
Power: Base x 10^-1
centi-
Symbol: c
Decimal Equivalent: 0.01
Power: Base x 10^-2
milli-
Symbol: m
Decimal Equivalent: 0.001
Power: Base x 10^-3
micro-
Symbol: mc or µ
Decimal Equivalent: 0.000001
Power: Base x 10^-6
nano-
Symbol: n
Decimal Equivalent: 0.0000001
Power: Base x 20^-9
What are the three sig fig zero rules?
1) Zeroes at the beginning of a number are not significant
2) Zeroes in between nonzero digits are significant
3) Zeroes at the end of numbers are only significant if there is a decimal point
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Total mass of reactants = total mass of products
Who proposed the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Lavoisier 1989
What is the Law of Definite Proportion?
A pure substance will obtain the same ratio of element masses no matter where it is from or its sample size
Who proposed the Law of Definite Proportion?
Proust 1794
What is the Law of Multiple Proportions
When two elements (A&B) form different compounds, the masses of element B that combines w 1 gram of element A are a ratio of a whole number
Who proposed the Law of Multiple Proportions
Dalton 1808
What is Dalton’s atomic theory?
1) Each element is composed of indestructible atoms
2) Atoms of an element are identical
3) Compounds combine atoms
4) Chemical reactions involve rearranging atoms
Sig Fig addition & subtraction rule
Result has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places
Sig Fig multiplication & division rule
The result has the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures
Who proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?
J.J. Thompson 1897
Who discovered the charge of an electron?
Robert Millikan 1909
Who proposed the nuclear model of an atom?
Rutherford 1911
How did Rutherford learn about the structure of an atom?
Gold Foil experiment: Shot alpha particles at a piece of golf foil and observed the scattering of the particles. Most of the particles went through the foil, revealing that most of an atom is empty space.
Who discovered electrons?
Thompson 1897
Who discovered protons?
Rutherford 1919
who discovered neutrons?
Chadwick 1932
