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Bio-113: Principles of Biology > Exam 1 (Chapter 1) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Chapter 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the properties of life

A

Cellular Organization
Energy utilization
Homeostasis
Growth, Reproduction, Heredity
DNA

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest level of life that processes all other basic characteristics of life

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3
Q

What are cells always enveloped by?

A

Cells are always enveloped by a Cell Membrane

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4
Q

What do cells not always have?

A

Cells do not always have a nucleus

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5
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Unicellular and Multicellular

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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell

A

Primitive cell
Always unicellular
Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Small

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7
Q

Give two examples of a Prokaryote

A

Bacteria, Algae

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8
Q

Describe the characteristics of a Eukaryote

A

Can be unicellular or multicellular
Contains a nucleus
Vary in size
Contains membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

Give examples of a Eukaryote

A

Plant, Fungi, Animal

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10
Q

What is energy utilization?

A

All living things use energy to power cell processes

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11
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An autotroph is an organism that can produce it’s own energy.

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12
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that cannot produce its own energy and must extract energy molecules from other sources such as plant or animal matter

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13
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

An organisms ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

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14
Q

What is growth?

A

When a unicellular or multicellular organism grows larger

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15
Q

What is reproduction and heredity?

A

Reproduction is the production of offspring. Heredity is the process in which traits are passed from parents to offspring

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16
Q

Which of the following properties will let you determine that a cell is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic?
A. it has a nucleus
B. It is multicellular
C. It has a cell membrane
D. A and B
E. A, B, C

A

A, B, C
A Eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and cell membrane, and can be multicellular
A Prokaryote cannot be multicellular, and does not have a nucleus or cell membrane

17
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE about eukaryotes?
A. All eukaryotes have a nucleus
B. All eukaryotes are multicellular organisms
C. All eukaryotes are much larger in size than prokaryotes.
D. The four kingdoms of domain eukarya are plants, animals,
protists, and fungi.

A

B, all Eukaryotes are multicellular

Not all Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms

18
Q

List the first four hierarchies of life from smallest to largest

A

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell

19
Q

List the other 8 hierarchies of life

A

Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

20
Q

What is an emergent property

A

A property that a complex system has, but the individual members of that system does not have

21
Q

Give an example of an emergent property

A

Multiple organelles working together can perform more complex function, unlike a single organelle which can only do a particular function alone

22
Q

Which of the following is an example of the “tissue” level of life
A) Many prokaryotes interacting with one another.
B) The many plant cells comprising a portion of a leaf on a plant.
C) A single liver cell.
D) Multiple organs working together in an organism.

A

B: The many plant cells comprising a portion of a leaf on a plant

23
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The branch of biology that names and classifies organisms

24
Q

What are the basic taxonomic rules

A

Species are always referred to by their binomial name
The genus is always capitalized, species is always written in lowercase
The genus and species is always written in italics

25
Q

List the levels of taxonomy from most general to specific

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

26
Q

What are the three domains

A

Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya

27
Q

List the characteristics of Domain Bacteria

A

Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Small

28
Q

List the characteristics of Domain Archaea

A

Unicellular
Prokaryotic
“extremophile” - lives in extreme conditions

29
Q

List the characteristics of Domain Eukarya

A

Unicellular or multicellular
eukaryotic
includes most familiar organisms

30
Q

List the four kingdoms of domain eukarya

A

Superkingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia

31
Q

List the characteristics of Superkingdom Protista

A

Protists have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Most diverse group, they are not easily classified as a fungi, plant, or animal

Examples: amoeba, diatom, ciliates, algae

32
Q

List the characteristics of Kingdom Fungi

A

Have chitin cell walls
A type of heterotroph that decomposes

Examples: mushrooms, yeast, mold

33
Q

List the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia

A

All multicellular
Do not have cell walls
All heterotrophs

Example: insects, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals

34
Q

List the characteristics Kingdom Plantae

A

All multicellular
Have Cellulose cell walls
Almost all autotrophs
Produce Chlorophyll

Example: flowering plants, conifers, ferns, mosses, liverworts, some algae

35
Q

You have a bacterial infection that is “eating” away at you. What has infected you and what
is its preferred metabolism method?
A) A eukaryote - heterotroph
B) A eukaryote - autotroph
C) A prokaryote - heterotroph
D) A prokaryote – autotroph

A

C: A prokaryote that is a heterotroph

Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, if it is eating away at you to gain energy, it is a heterotroph

36
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?
A) all members are multicellular
B) chitin cell walls
C) decomposers
D) eukaryotes

A

A: All members are multicellular

Fungi can be either unicellular or multicellular

37
Q

Which of these is not a characteristic of animals?
A) Eukaryotes
B) Cell wall
C) Cell membrane
D) Heterotrophs
E) Usually have appendages

A

B: Cell wall

Animals have cell membranes, but they do not have cell walls

Bio-113: Principles of Biology (1 decks)

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