Exam 1 (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Describe the properties of life
Cellular Organization
Energy utilization
Homeostasis
Growth, Reproduction, Heredity
DNA
What is a cell?
The smallest level of life that processes all other basic characteristics of life
What are cells always enveloped by?
Cells are always enveloped by a Cell Membrane
What do cells not always have?
Cells do not always have a nucleus
What are the two types of cells?
Unicellular and Multicellular
Describe the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
Primitive cell
Always unicellular
Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Small
Give two examples of a Prokaryote
Bacteria, Algae
Describe the characteristics of a Eukaryote
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Contains a nucleus
Vary in size
Contains membrane bound organelles
Give examples of a Eukaryote
Plant, Fungi, Animal
What is energy utilization?
All living things use energy to power cell processes
What is an autotroph?
An autotroph is an organism that can produce it’s own energy.
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot produce its own energy and must extract energy molecules from other sources such as plant or animal matter
What is homeostasis?
An organisms ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
What is growth?
When a unicellular or multicellular organism grows larger
What is reproduction and heredity?
Reproduction is the production of offspring. Heredity is the process in which traits are passed from parents to offspring
Which of the following properties will let you determine that a cell is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic?
A. it has a nucleus
B. It is multicellular
C. It has a cell membrane
D. A and B
E. A, B, C
A, B, C
A Eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and cell membrane, and can be multicellular
A Prokaryote cannot be multicellular, and does not have a nucleus or cell membrane
Which of the following statements is FALSE about eukaryotes?
A. All eukaryotes have a nucleus
B. All eukaryotes are multicellular organisms
C. All eukaryotes are much larger in size than prokaryotes.
D. The four kingdoms of domain eukarya are plants, animals,
protists, and fungi.
B, all Eukaryotes are multicellular
Not all Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms
List the first four hierarchies of life from smallest to largest
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
List the other 8 hierarchies of life
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
What is an emergent property
A property that a complex system has, but the individual members of that system does not have
Give an example of an emergent property
Multiple organelles working together can perform more complex function, unlike a single organelle which can only do a particular function alone
Which of the following is an example of the “tissue” level of life
A) Many prokaryotes interacting with one another.
B) The many plant cells comprising a portion of a leaf on a plant.
C) A single liver cell.
D) Multiple organs working together in an organism.
B: The many plant cells comprising a portion of a leaf on a plant
What is taxonomy?
The branch of biology that names and classifies organisms
What are the basic taxonomic rules
Species are always referred to by their binomial name
The genus is always capitalized, species is always written in lowercase
The genus and species is always written in italics
List the levels of taxonomy from most general to specific
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the three domains
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
List the characteristics of Domain Bacteria
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Small
List the characteristics of Domain Archaea
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
“extremophile” - lives in extreme conditions
List the characteristics of Domain Eukarya
Unicellular or multicellular
eukaryotic
includes most familiar organisms
List the four kingdoms of domain eukarya
Superkingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
List the characteristics of Superkingdom Protista
Protists have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Most diverse group, they are not easily classified as a fungi, plant, or animal
Examples: amoeba, diatom, ciliates, algae
List the characteristics of Kingdom Fungi
Have chitin cell walls
A type of heterotroph that decomposes
Examples: mushrooms, yeast, mold
List the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
All multicellular
Do not have cell walls
All heterotrophs
Example: insects, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals
List the characteristics Kingdom Plantae
All multicellular
Have Cellulose cell walls
Almost all autotrophs
Produce Chlorophyll
Example: flowering plants, conifers, ferns, mosses, liverworts, some algae
You have a bacterial infection that is “eating” away at you. What has infected you and what
is its preferred metabolism method?
A) A eukaryote - heterotroph
B) A eukaryote - autotroph
C) A prokaryote - heterotroph
D) A prokaryote – autotroph
C: A prokaryote that is a heterotroph
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, if it is eating away at you to gain energy, it is a heterotroph
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?
A) all members are multicellular
B) chitin cell walls
C) decomposers
D) eukaryotes
A: All members are multicellular
Fungi can be either unicellular or multicellular
Which of these is not a characteristic of animals?
A) Eukaryotes
B) Cell wall
C) Cell membrane
D) Heterotrophs
E) Usually have appendages
B: Cell wall
Animals have cell membranes, but they do not have cell walls
