Exam 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the Scientific Method

A

o Make observations, form a hypothesis (must be testable), design and conduct experiments, analyze the data, reject or accept hypothesis given.

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2
Q

Define homeostasis

A

o Maintaining a relatively stable environment that is essential for survival and function.
o Sensor (detects deviations) ->integrating center (controls the activity) -> effector (makes appropriate adjustments).

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3
Q

Negative and Positive feedback loops + examples

A

o Negative feedback loops counteract that change.. ex: temp change, blood glucose
o Positive: Change in condition leads to a response which amplifies that change… ex: fever, childbirth, blood clots.
o Childbirth stimulates oxytocin to be released to speed up contractions.

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4
Q

differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of homeostasis

A

o Intrinsic: cells within the organ sense a change and signal neighboring cells to respond.
o Extrinsic: outside of the organ

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5
Q

Describe antagonistic effectors

A

o Maintains variables within a certain normal range (dynamic constancy)
o Ex: sweat glands and muscle/skeletal tissue are antagonistic.

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6
Q

Describe the hierarchical organization of the human body

A

o Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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7
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

movement
 Skeletal: striated and voluntary (builds)
 Smooth: nonstriated, involuntary
 Cardiac: heart, striated, involuntary

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

controls bodily functions
 Neurons: high speed communication via electric signals
 Neuroglia: support of neurons

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

linings/coverings
 Apical and basement membrane
 Endocrine secretes into the blood
 Exocrine secretes outside the membrane

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10
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • connects things
     Large amounts of extracellular matrix
     Adipocytes: cells that store fat
     Cartilage
     Blood: circulates to other organs
     Bone
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11
Q

Describe an organ system

A

o Group of organs that perform together to accomplish an activity
o Ex: circulatory, digestive, skeletal, etc.

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12
Q

Describe the different types of stem cells

A

o Totipotent: can become any tissue, total package
o Pluripotent: embryonic but cannot become the placenta
o Multipotent: repair and replace (working out)
 Adult stem cells: undifferentiated cells found in some organs
 Hematopoietic stem cells: blood cells come from bone marrow

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13
Q

Describe the body fluid compartments

A

o 60% water
o Intracellular: water found inside the cells
o Extracellular: next greatest for water, plasma and interstitial areas
o Water inside blood dictates pressure in vessels.

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