Exam 1 Ch 8

Question 1

Molarity (M)

Answer 1

Moles of solute/ L of solution

Question 2

Dilution problems

Answer 2

M1V1=M2V2

M= Molarity
V=Vol in L

Question 3

Dilute solution

Answer 3

Small amount of solute relative to solvent

Question 4

Concentrated solution

Answer 4

Large amount of solute relative to solvent

Question 5

Solubility equations

Answer 5

-If cation + anion make an insoluble compound, its a solid

Question 6

Precipitate equations

Answer 6

1. Cation + anion =Molecular (Balance)
2. Separate all ions, leave insolubles = Ionic
3. Cross out spectators = Net ionic

MAKE SURE CHARGES BALANCE

Question 7

electrolyte

Answer 7

-Dissolves in H2O to produce electricity

Question 8

Strong Electrolyte

Answer 8

-Completely disassociates into ions when dissolved in water

Question 9

Non electrolyte

Answer 9

-Doesn’t dissociate into ions when dissolved in water

Question 10

Weak electrolyte

Answer 10

-Doesn’t completely ionize
-Weak electricity

Question 11

Example strong electrolytes

Answer 11

-Ionic salts (metal + non metal)
-Strong Acids
-Strong Bases

IF ITS INSOLUBLE AND STRONG WE WRITE AS SOLID

Question 12

Example non electrolytes

Answer 12

-Covalent compounds (non metal- non metal)

Question 13

Examples Weak electrolytes

Answer 13

-Weak acids
-Weak Bases

DON’T WRITE INTO IONS IN EQUATION

Question 14

Acid Base reactions form

Answer 14

-Water and salt

Question 15

Acids

Answer 15

Donate H

Question 16

Bases

Answer 16

Take H

Question 17

Acid Base neutralization steps

Answer 17

1. Cation + anion (acid donates/Base takes) = Molecular
2. Disassociate strong electrolytes = ionic
3. Cross out spectator = net ionic

Question 18

Acid base multiple disassociations

Answer 18

-Same steps, but you take the product of the first disassociation and put it with the first base, until H runs out
-No spectator ions after 1st one
-Still electrolytes though

Question 19

Covalent oxides

Answer 19

-Act as acids
-Cram formulas together
(Covalent oxide + water = acid)

Question 20

Drawing covalent oxides

Answer 20

-Draw lewis structure of covalent oxide and water
-Add partial positives and negatives
-Add arrows of partial positives going to bond with negatives
-You can take product and disassociate again

Question 21

Ionic Oxides

Answer 21

-Act as bases
-Metal bonded to O
-Oxide + water = 2OH

Question 22

Drawing ionic oxides

Answer 22

-Draw arrow from electrons to the H
-Forming 2 OH, one with the OG O in water and one from O in compound

Question 23

Double headed arrow

Answer 23

-Reversible reaction
(one way is it goes in 1 direction to completion)
-equilibrium
-All coexist

Question 24

Why strong acids anions are neutral (NOT BASIC)

Answer 24

-They don’t react with water
-Disassociate right away

Question 25

Anions besides strong

Answer 25

-Always bases and form OH when in water -It can accept a H without disassociating -Any anion from a weak acid is a weak base

Question 26

Formal charge

Answer 26

Val - you

Question 27

Neutral or basic

Answer 27

-If anion from strong acid = neutral If anion from weak acid = basic

Question 28

Dissacociating multiple times

Answer 28

-Need X H2O (amount of time can disassociate) -Need X OH -Need X cation to balance