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Professional Practice > Exam 1: Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ch. 8 Flashcards

0
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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1
Q

ADHD

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactive Disorder

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2
Q

CSF

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

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3
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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4
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

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5
Q

GAD

A

General anxiety disorder

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6
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture

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7
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

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8
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

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9
Q

PTSD

A

Post traumatic stress disorder

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10
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

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11
Q

Affect

A

Emotional feeling or mood

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12
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability and death

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13
Q

Analgesic

A

Agent the relieves pain

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14
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

A severe disturbance in eat behavior cause by an abnormal perceptions about one’s body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal

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15
Q

Anticonvulsant

A

Agent that prevents or lessens convulsion

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16
Q

Anxiolytic Agents

A

Drugs used to reduce anxiety

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17
Q

Apathy

A

A lack of interest or display of emotion

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18
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating, of meaningful, and sequential elements of language, and demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease

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19
Q

Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder

A

A dysfunction characterized by constant hyperactivity, distractibility, and lack of control over impulses, which interferes with ability to function normally at school, home, or work

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20
Q

Dyslexia

A

A developmental disability characterizes by difficulty understanding written or spoken words, sentences, or paragraphs that affects reading, spelling and self expression

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21
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

A severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perception about ones body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal

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22
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion through induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or excessive exercise

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23
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A disease of brain chemistry causing a distorted cognitive and emotional perception of one’s environment; symptoms include distortions of normal function (such as disorganized thought), delusions, hallucinations, and catatonic behavior), flat affect, apathy, and withdrawal from reality

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24
Q

autism

A

a developmental disability, commonly appearing during the first three years of life, resulting from a neurologic disorder affecting brain function, as evidenced by difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication and an inability to relate to anything beyond oneself in social interactions; persons with autism often exhibit body movements such as rocking and repetitive hand movements; persons commonly become preoccupied with observing parts of small objects or moving parts or with performing meaningless rituals

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25
Q

dysthymia

A

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

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26
Q

bipolar disorder

A

an affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression (extreme up and down states)

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27
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

the most common anxiety disorder; characterized by chronic, excessive, incontrollable worry about everyday problems; affects the ability to relax or concentrate, but employment; physical symptoms include muscle tension, trembling, twitching, fatigue, headaches, nausea, and insomnia

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28
Q

post traumatic stress disorder

A

a disorder of sudden, recurrent attacks of intense feelings, including physical symptoms that mimic a heart attack (rapid heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, chills, sweating, and dizziness) with a general sense of loss of control or feeling that death is imminent; often progresses to agoraphobia

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29
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

an anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsession accompanied by repeated compulsions; can interfere with all aspects of a person’s daily life; for example, the thought that a door is not locked causing repetitive checking to make sure it is locked, or thoughts that one’s body has been contaminated causing repetitive washing

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30
Q

hypochondriasis

A

a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary

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31
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands

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32
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations

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33
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experiences

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34
Q

catatonia

A

a state of unresponsiveness to one’s outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

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35
Q

delusion

A

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

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36
Q

grandiose delusion

A

a person’s false belief that he or she possesses great wealth, intelligence, or power

37
Q

dysphoria

A

a restless, dissatisfied mood

38
Q

euphoria

A

an exaggerated, unfounded feeling of well-being

39
Q

hypnotic

A

agent that induces sleep

40
Q

hallucination

A

a false perception of hte senses for which there is no reality; most commonly hearing or seeing things

41
Q

ideation

A

the formation of thoughts or ideas, such as suicidal ideation (thoughts of suicide)

42
Q

mania

A

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

43
Q

neurosis

A

a psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

44
Q

psychosis

A

a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate or function with one’s environment

45
Q

electroencephalogram

A

record of minute electrical potentials; used to identify neuralgic conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness

46
Q

lumbar puncture

A

introduction of a specialized needle into he spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, such as to obtain CSF for testing; also called spinal tap

47
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal chord

48
Q

meninges

A

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

49
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves)

50
Q

dysphasia

A

same as aphasia

51
Q

delirium

A

a state of mental confusion caused by disturbance in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose

52
Q

dementia

A

an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion

53
Q

neuralgia

A

pain along the course of a nerve

54
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation of numbness such as touch or pain

55
Q

hemiparesis

A

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

56
Q

syncope

A

fainting

57
Q

tactile stimulation

A

evoking a response by touching

58
Q

cerebral palsy

A

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination

59
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

60
Q

transient ischemic attach

A

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA

61
Q

stroke

A

blood clot in the brain

62
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

63
Q

epilepsy

A

disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures

64
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previously termed grand mal seizure

65
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

66
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest

67
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

68
Q

spina bifida

A

defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of cerebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the menages or of the meninges and spinal cord; considered to be the most common neural tube defect

69
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem resulting in a decrease of dopamine; characterized by remora, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements; usually occurs later in life

70
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

71
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four limbs

72
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

73
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation involving two or more nerves often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine

74
Q

sleep apnea

A

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

75
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

76
Q

convulsion

A

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden involuntary contractions of muscles

77
Q

seizure

A

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses; may or may not be associated with convulsion

78
Q

craniectomy

A

excision of part of the skull to approach the brain

79
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull to approach the brain

80
Q

flat affect

A

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

81
Q

hemiparesis

A

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

82
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

83
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction followed by recover

84
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis, and dreams intruding while awake

85
Q

neural tube defects

A

congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system

86
Q

psychotropic drugs

A

medications used to treat mental illnesses

87
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and nonverbal interaction with patients, individually or in a group, employing specific actions and techniques

88
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

89
Q

neuroleptic agents

A

drugs used to treat psychosis, specially schizophrenia

90
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis from the waist down

Professional Practice (2 decks)

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