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Global > Exam 1 Ch 1-8 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Ch 1-8 Flashcards

1
Q

health

A

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the abscence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

global health

A

health issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries and may be addressed by cooperative actions

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3
Q

planetary health

A

achievement of the highest attainable standard of health, well-being and equity world wide through judicious attention to the human systems

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4
Q

maternal mortality ratio

A

measure of risk of death with childbirth

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5
Q

infant mortality rate

A

of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births

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6
Q

neonatal mortality rate

A

of deaths to infants younger than 28 days in a year per 1000 live births

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7
Q

morbidity

A

condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition

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8
Q

point prevalence

A

proportion of population that is disease at a single point in time

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9
Q

incidence rate

A

how many people get a disease for a specified # of people at risk in a given period of time

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10
Q

primary prevention

A

intervening before health effects occur, through measures ex) vaccines, banning substances

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11
Q

secondary prevention

A

screening to identify diseases in early stages before signs of symptoms

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12
Q

tertiary prevention

A

managing disease worst diagnoses to slow or stop progression

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13
Q

vital registration

A

data on population and health that records birth, death, causes of death

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14
Q

risk factor

A

behavior, lifestyle, environment characteristic that is related to a health condition that is important to prevent

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15
Q

demographic transition

A

a long-term trend of declining birth and death rates, resulting in substantive change in the age distribution of a population

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16
Q

epidemiological transition

A

describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of deaths

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17
Q

rights-based approach

A

prioritize fulfillment of human rights, assess health policies, health is a human right. this approach is promoted in public health

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18
Q

nuremberg code

A

voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely needed

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19
Q

declaration of helsinki

A

ethical principles to guide physicians performing biomedical research

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20
Q

health disparities

A

type of difference in health that is linked with social or economic disadvantage

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21
Q

belmont report

A

basic ethical principles in biomedical and behavioral research

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22
Q

ancillary care

A

medical care that is given to study participants

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23
Q

health inequality

A

differences in health status or in distribution of health determinants between different population groups

24
Q

cost-effective analysis

A

comparing cost of an investment with the amount of health that can be purchased with that investment

25
Q

health maximization

A

the way we should allocate healthcare resources that will have a total beneficial impact on health

26
Q

health system

A

vehicle in which health services are delievered

27
Q

3 goals of every health system

A
  1. good health
  2. responsiveness to the expectations of the population
  3. fairness of financial contribution
28
Q

4 functions of health systems

A
  1. provide health services
  2. generate resources
  3. financing
  4. stewardship
29
Q

national health service

A

very public, providers are government employees, insurance is also public, it is taxed-based (United Kingdom)

30
Q

national health insurance

A

public and private, employees are private, insurance is laid out by government and firms (Canada)

31
Q

pluralistic

A

health is a personal good, public and private, employees are private, all kinds of forms of insurance, taxes and contributions and out-of-pocket (USA)

32
Q

ecological perspective

A

health related behaviors are affected by and affect levels of influence

33
Q

states of change model

A

change is a process and people are at different sages of process (alcohol and drug abuse)

34
Q

folk illness

A

cultural interpretations of physical states that people think are illnessess without physiological cause

35
Q

conditional cash transfer

A

government program offers $ to families provided that the family engages in nutrition, health, and education behaviors

36
Q

social marketing

A

application of tools

37
Q

DALY

A

disability-adjusted life year, sum of years lost due to premature death and years lived with disability

38
Q

HALE

A

health-adjusted life expectancy, # of years a person any given age can expect to live in good health, taking account of mortality/disability

39
Q

top 3 causes of death globally

A
  1. ischaemic heart disease
  2. respiratory infections
  3. neonatal conditions
40
Q

Sustainable Development Goals

A

17 goals that relate to ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. ex: no poverty, zero hunger, gender equality, etc.

41
Q

determinants of health

A

range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations

42
Q

noncommunicable diseases

A

a noninfectious health condition that cannot be spread from person to person

43
Q

communicable diseases

A

disease that is spread from one person to another

44
Q

leading cause of death in infants globally

A
45
Q

health equity

A

when every person has the opportunity to attain his or her full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances

46
Q

patterns of resort

A

A person’s approach to health-seeking behaviour

47
Q

international declaration of human rights

A

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care…

48
Q

informed consent

A

A process in which patients are given important information, including possible risks and benefits, about a medical procedure or treatment, genetic testing, or a clinical trial

49
Q

most cost-effective measure among the three: sanitation, clean water, or hygiene

A
  1. hygeine
  2. sanitation
  3. water
50
Q

global health milestones

A

people live longer than before, mortality rates have decreased, decrease in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes of death

51
Q

who lives longer, men or women

A

women

52
Q

child mortality rate

A

the mortality of children under the age of five

53
Q

6 Clinical conditions

A
  1. social value
  2. scientific
  3. fair subject selection
  4. risk and benefit ratio
  5. informed consent
  6. respect for enrolled
54
Q

determinants to consider when examining health equity

A

race, social status, gender, location

55
Q

universal declaration of human rights

A

cornerstone for human rights

56
Q

building blocks of a health system

A
  1. good health services, deliver safe & effective health interventions
  2. a health workforce, right # of trained staff in places they are needed
  3. health info system, delivers info
  4. equitable access to medical products, vaccines, and technology
  5. health financing system, raises enough $ to fund health programs and protect ppl from financial harm
  6. leadership, concern the management oversight and regulation of health system
57
Q

who is most affected by indoor air pollution

A

women and children

Global (1 decks)

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