Exam 1: ch 1,3,10 Flashcards
Male reproductive cells
sperm
women reproductive cells
ova (eggs)
The collective external genitalia of a female is the
vulva
What is the mons pubis and its function? (female anatomy)
-where pubic hair grows
-function is to protect the pubic symphysis during sexual intercourse
What is the function of the labia major (female anatomy()
-sweat and sebaceous glands
-protect vaginal opening and cushion during intercourse
What is the function of the labia minora (female anatomy)
-lubricate the vulva
-protect clitoris and uretht
The function of the clitoris is purely
erogenous
Why does the clitoris have a pink color?
rich blood supply
the opening of the vagina is called?
introitus
What vaginal glands supply lubrication for intercourse
Bartholin glands
What glands located beside the urethra lubricate the opening for the passage of urien
skene glands
What is an episiotomy?
when we incise the perineum to provide more space during childbirth?
Are episiotomies used commonly in the united states >
No
Is the vagina acidic or alkaline?
acidic to prevent growth of bacteria
What is the hollow, pear shaped organ at the top of the vagina?
uterus
What is the lowest part of the uterus called
the cervix
What does the cervix do?
allow passage of sperm and menstrual discharge to exit
What is the muscular portion of the uterus where the fetus grows?
corpus
The role of the fallopian tubes is
Carry the ova into the uterus for implantation
Two primary functions of the ovaries
- release of ovum
- make estrogen and progesterone
What are the female mammary glands?
the breasts
Mammary gland function during pregnancy are stimulated by
estrogen and progesterone
In a woman who is breastfeeding, what can happen to their hormones immediately after giving birth?
levels of progesterone and lactogen fall rapidly, decreasing milk production
What is made, instead of mature milk, immediately after childbirth due to drops in progesterone and lactogen
colostrum
How long can it take for colustrum to turn into mature milk
gradually over one week
Colostrum nutrients
- rich in maternal antibodies (IgA)
- more minerals and protein than breastmilk
-less sugar and fat than breastmilk
Absence of fertilization results in
the menstrual cycle
What is ovulation
when the ovum is released from the ovary and enters the fallopian tube ; time of getting pregnant
What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle
follicular, ovulation, luteal phase
What is the ovarian cycle?
series of events associated wit a developing oocyte
What happens during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
when follicles grow and form a mature egg
Estrogen released during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle does what
cell proliferation of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for implanted ovum
Role of FSH and LH during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
-FSH stimulates the ovary to produce 5-20 immature follicles
-LH surges to rupture one of the 20 immature follicles and matures it fully
The surge of LH at the end of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle triggers the
ovulation cycle
What happens to estrogen during the ovulation cycle
dips off
How long does the ovum live during ovulation
24 h
Basal body temperature rises during
ovulation
A drop in basal body temp predicts q
ovulation is about to begin
The corpus luteum secretes increasing amounts of ____. What does this do?
progesterone. prepare the endometrium for implantation
FSH and LH are at their highest levels during ____ phase and lowest during ____ phase
follicular ; luteal
What are the four stages of the endometrial (uterine) cycle
proliferative, ischemic, menstrual, menstruation
What happens during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle
-estrogen causes enlargement of endometrial glands
-endometrium thickens to prepare for implantation
-cervical mucous becomes clear, stretchy, and thin
-aligns with follicular phase
What happens during the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle?
-progesterone released by corpus luteum causes thickened endometrium and more vascularized
-coincides with luteal phase
-corpus lutetium eventually decreases and so do hormone levels
What happens during the ischemic phase of the endometrial cycle
-estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply and corpus lutetium degenerates
-ischemia of endometrium leads to menstruation
What happens during the menstrual phase
-sloughing of the endometrial lining begins
How long is the typical menstrual cycle
28 days
