Exam 1: ch 1,3,10

Question 1

Male reproductive cells

Answer 1

sperm

Question 2

women reproductive cells

Answer 2

ova (eggs)

Question 3

The collective external genitalia of a female is the

Answer 3

vulva

Question 4

What is the mons pubis and its function? (female anatomy)

Answer 4

-where pubic hair grows
-function is to protect the pubic symphysis during sexual intercourse

Question 5

What is the function of the labia major (female anatomy()

Answer 5

-sweat and sebaceous glands
-protect vaginal opening and cushion during intercourse

Question 6

What is the function of the labia minora (female anatomy)

Answer 6

-lubricate the vulva
-protect clitoris and uretht

Question 7

The function of the clitoris is purely

Answer 7

erogenous

Question 8

Why does the clitoris have a pink color?

Answer 8

rich blood supply

Question 9

the opening of the vagina is called?

Answer 9

introitus

Question 10

What vaginal glands supply lubrication for intercourse

Answer 10

Bartholin glands

Question 11

What glands located beside the urethra lubricate the opening for the passage of urien

Answer 11

skene glands

Question 12

What is an episiotomy?

Answer 12

when we incise the perineum to provide more space during childbirth?

Question 13

Are episiotomies used commonly in the united states >

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Is the vagina acidic or alkaline?

Answer 14

acidic to prevent growth of bacteria

Question 15

What is the hollow, pear shaped organ at the top of the vagina?

Answer 15

uterus

Question 16

What is the lowest part of the uterus called

Answer 16

the cervix

Question 17

What does the cervix do?

Answer 17

allow passage of sperm and menstrual discharge to exit

Question 18

What is the muscular portion of the uterus where the fetus grows?

Answer 18

corpus

Question 19

The role of the fallopian tubes is

Answer 19

Carry the ova into the uterus for implantation

Question 20

Two primary functions of the ovaries

Answer 20

1. release of ovum
2. make estrogen and progesterone

Question 21

What are the female mammary glands?

Answer 21

the breasts

Question 22

Mammary gland function during pregnancy are stimulated by

Answer 22

estrogen and progesterone

Question 23

In a woman who is breastfeeding, what can happen to their hormones immediately after giving birth?

Answer 23

levels of progesterone and lactogen fall rapidly, decreasing milk production

Question 24

What is made, instead of mature milk, immediately after childbirth due to drops in progesterone and lactogen

Answer 24

colostrum

Question 25

How long can it take for colustrum to turn into mature milk

Answer 25

gradually over one week

Question 26

Colostrum nutrients

Answer 26

• rich in maternal antibodies (IgA)
• more minerals and protein than breastmilk
  -less sugar and fat than breastmilk

Question 27

Absence of fertilization results in

Answer 27

the menstrual cycle

Question 28

What is ovulation

Answer 28

when the ovum is released from the ovary and enters the fallopian tube ; time of getting pregnant

Question 29

What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 29

follicular, ovulation, luteal phase

Question 30

What is the ovarian cycle?

Answer 30

series of events associated wit a developing oocyte

Question 31

What happens during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

Answer 31

when follicles grow and form a mature egg

Question 32

Estrogen released during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle does what

Answer 32

cell proliferation of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for implanted ovum

Question 33

Role of FSH and LH during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 33

-FSH stimulates the ovary to produce 5-20 immature follicles
-LH surges to rupture one of the 20 immature follicles and matures it fully

Question 34

The surge of LH at the end of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle triggers the

Answer 34

ovulation cycle

Question 35

What happens to estrogen during the ovulation cycle

Answer 35

dips off

Question 36

How long does the ovum live during ovulation

Answer 36

24 h

Question 37

Basal body temperature rises during

Answer 37

ovulation

Question 38

A drop in basal body temp predicts q

Answer 38

ovulation is about to begin

Question 39

The corpus luteum secretes increasing amounts of ____. What does this do?

Answer 39

progesterone. prepare the endometrium for implantation

Question 40

FSH and LH are at their highest levels during ____ phase and lowest during ____ phase

Answer 40

follicular ; luteal

Question 41

What are the four stages of the endometrial (uterine) cycle

Answer 41

proliferative, ischemic, menstrual, menstruation

Question 42

What happens during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle

Answer 42

-estrogen causes enlargement of endometrial glands
-endometrium thickens to prepare for implantation
-cervical mucous becomes clear, stretchy, and thin
-aligns with follicular phase

Question 43

What happens during the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle?

Answer 43

-progesterone released by corpus luteum causes thickened endometrium and more vascularized
-coincides with luteal phase
-corpus lutetium eventually decreases and so do hormone levels

Question 44

What happens during the ischemic phase of the endometrial cycle

Answer 44

-estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply and corpus lutetium degenerates
-ischemia of endometrium leads to menstruation

Question 45

What happens during the menstrual phase

Answer 45

-sloughing of the endometrial lining begins

Question 46

How long is the typical menstrual cycle

Answer 46

28 days