Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Psychology > Exam #1: Cellular Basis for Behavior > Flashcards

Exam #1: Cellular Basis for Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • have a catechol nucleus that comes from the precursor structure tyrosine
  • has two carbons and an amine group
  • Tyrosine converts to DOPA by the addition of a hydroxyl group which is the direct precursor to Dopamine (a decarboxylase takes off the carboxyl groups, the COOH),
  • add an OH and take away a COOH to get dopamine, process ends here in dopamine neurons
  • hydroxylase adds an OH group, after dopamine when a hydroxylase adds an OH to the beta carbon, you get norepinephrine
A

catecholamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • produces mRNA (messenger RiboNucleic Acid)
  • Single stranded copy of the the DNA molecule
  • 4 bases (cytosine, guanine, adenine, and uracil [replaces thymine]) in a sequence that codes for the specific amino acid sequence of a protein
  • Exits the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm
A

DNA transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • reduction in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic cell
  • cell increases neurotransmitter influence- overwhelms post synaptic cell, which prompts the post synaptic cell to decrease receptor complement and become less sensitive to neurotransmitter presence (ex. drug addiction)
A

desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • SSRIs are inhibitors, they stop serotonin from being taken up by the receptors so there is more floating around
  • People respond well to SSRIs for the most part, they work really well, better for anxiety than depression.
  • Four people with depression can present with the same symptoms but have different comorbidities/different underlying pathology, and drugs don’t work the same in those populations.
  • We don’t have the diagnostic tools yet to test which one works best so we do symptom description diagnosis.
A

do SSRIs create more protein reuptake pumps or do they create more serotonin for the reuptake pumps to hold on to?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a molecule that binds to a receptor at a different location than agonists/antagonists and increases the ability of the receptor to bind to a ligand (i.e. neurotransmitter)

A

allosteric modifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a piece of the membrane pinches back to form a new vesicle

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a short chain of amino acids released from the brain into the blood stream to act as neurochemical signals between brain and body

A

peptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a short chain of amino acids released in the brain and used as a neurochemical signal between neurons; they are “metabolically expensive” (ie, they take a lot of energy to make), so they tend to act at low concentrations for a long period of time as neuromodulators (i.e. endorphins, vasopressin, oxytocin, etc)

A

peptide neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

acetylcholine

A

small molecule neurotransmitter known for thought, learning and memory; activates muscle action in the body, and attention and awakening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

acetylcholine synthesis

A

synthesized in the pre-synaptic terminal by the enzyme cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) which fuses to acetate (Acetyl-CoA) and choline together → ACh

Once released, ACh binds to receptors on the post synaptic cell, and then either diffuses out of the synapse or is metabolized by enzymes like acetylcholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

affinity

A

how fast and strong a ligand binds to a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

agonist

A

molecules that bind to a receptor and activate it biologically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

allosteric modifier

A

a molecule that binds to a receptor at a different location than agonists/antagonists and increases the ability of the receptor to bind to a ligand (i.e. neurotransmitter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AMPA

A

most active GLU receptor; causes neuron excitation due to increase Na+ influx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an up-regulation problem characterized increase in sensitivity of the postsynaptic cell caused when:

  1. Presynaptic cell decreases neurotransmitter influence – starves postsynaptic cell
  2. Postsynaptic cell increases receptor complement and becomes supersensitive to any of the remaining neurotransmitter around the cell (ex. phantom limb pain)
A

denervation supersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antagonist

A

molecules that bind to a receptor but do not activate it biologically; usually have a high affinity so the receptor is literally blocked from functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anterograde

A

movement of ions towards the terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

attracted to water

A

hydrophilicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

axon

A

long slender projection off the soma that sends signals to other neurons; surrounded by a myelin sheath to protect and insulate it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

axoplasmic transport

A

transport of new proteins to distant locations in the neurites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

biogenic amines

A

family of neurotransmitters that include catecholamines (dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE)), and the indolamine, serotonin (5HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bipolar

A

two neurites originating from the soma (i.e. interneurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bulbous ending at the end of the axon, contains synaptic vesicles which are filled with neurotransmitters

A

pre-synaptic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

calcium helps the SNP proteins to come together and twist and bind synaptobrevin during exocytosis and then twist and release

A

calcium-mediated release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

calcium-mediated release

A

calcium helps the SNP proteins to come together and twist and bind synaptobrevin during exocytosis and then twist and release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

catecholamine

A
  • have a catechol nucleus that comes from the precursor structure tyrosine
  • has two carbons and an amine group
  • Tyrosine converts to DOPA by the addition of a hydroxyl group which is the direct precursor to Dopamine (a decarboxylase takes off the carboxyl groups, the COOH),
  • add an OH and take away a COOH to get dopamine, process ends here in dopamine neurons
  • hydroxylase adds an OH group, after dopamine when a hydroxylase adds an OH to the beta carbon, you get norepinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

causes neuron excitation due to increase Na+ influx

A

kainate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

causes neuron excitation due to increase Na+/Ca2+ influx

A

NMDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cells always contact from the presynaptic terminal to the dendrites with information flwoing from the dendrite to the soma to the axon to the terminal (axo-dendritic synapses)

A

Original Law of Dynamic Polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cells contact each other in more ways than just presynaptic to postsynaptic:

Axo-somatic synapses– Info flows pre-synaptic terminal à soma* via Axo-axonic synapses – Info flows pre-synaptic terminal à axon* via Axo-synaptic synapses – Info flows pre-synaptic terminal à pre-synaptic terminal

A

Revised Law of Dynamic Polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cells that myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord as part of the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cells that myelinate axons in the PNS

A

schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

chemical signals (trophic factors) are proteins that help nerve cells develop and recognize each other are exchanged between potential synaptic partners

A

chemoaffinity hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

chemoaffinity hypothesis

A

chemical signals (trophic factors) are proteins that help nerve cells develop and recognize each other are exchanged between potential synaptic partners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

cholinergic synapse

A

the connection between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

coating on axons that insulates the electrochemical signals

A

myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

contiuum of efficacy

A

when a neurotransmitter binds and opens up a channel, it doesn’t just stay and keep it open, it jumps off and then could bind again somewhere else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

dendrites

A

tree-like extensions off the soma that receive signals from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

denervation supersensitivity

A

an up-regulation problem characterized increase in sensitivity of the postsynaptic cell caused when:

  1. Presynaptic cell decreases neurotransmitter influence – starves postsynaptic cell
  2. Postsynaptic cell increases receptor complement and becomes supersensitive to any of the remaining neurotransmitter around the cell (ex. phantom limb pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

desensitization

A
  • reduction in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic cell
  • cell increases neurotransmitter influence- overwhelms post synaptic cell, which prompts the post synaptic cell to decrease receptor complement and become less sensitive to neurotransmitter presence (ex. drug addiction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

determine nerve cell shape and movement (i.e. actin, tubulin, elastin)

A

structural proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

basics of cell biology

A

your DNA (genes) is transcribed into RNA (genetic message) which is translated into proteins (functional molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

DNA transcription

A
  • produces mRNA (messenger RiboNucleic Acid)
  • Single stranded copy of the the DNA molecule
  • 4 bases (cytosine, guanine, adenine, and uracil [replaces thymine]) in a sequence that codes for the specific amino acid sequence of a protein
  • Exits the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

do SSRIs create more protein reuptake pumps or do they create more serotonin for the reuptake pumps to hold on to?

A
  • SSRIs are inhibitors, they stop serotonin from being taken up by the receptors so there is more floating around
  • People respond well to SSRIs for the most part, they work really well, better for anxiety than depression.
  • Four people with depression can present with the same symptoms but have different comorbidities/different underlying pathology, and drugs don’t work the same in those populations.
  • We don’t have the diagnostic tools yet to test which one works best so we do symptom description diagnosis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

dopamine

A

small molecule neurotransmitter known for pleasure;
also addiction, movement and motivation. People repeat behaviors that lead to this chemical release.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

each schwann cells dedicates itself to a small segment of an axon

A

schwann cell myelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

endocytosis

A

a piece of the membrane pinches back to form a new vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

endorphins

A

peptide neurotransmitters known for euphoria; released during exercise, excitement, and sex; reduces pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

enzyme

A

Substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

epilepsy

A

loss of GABA producing neurons, treated with GABA stimulating drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

exocytosis

A

fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

family of neurotransmitters that include catecholamines (dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE)), and the indolamine, serotonin (5HT)

A

biogenic amines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

filopedia

A

“finger feet” that come out of the growth cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

“finger feet” that come out of the growth cone

A

filopedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

in a cell, the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer acts as a very effective barrier to e-charged particles like water (H2O) and salt (Na+, K+) trying to get in and out of the cell.

different proteins in the membrane act as hydrophilic channels and pumps (functional components)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

function of neurotransmitters

A

it is the property of a receptor, not the property of the molecule itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane

A

exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

GABA

A

small molecule neurotransmitter known for inhibition; calms firing nerves in the central nervous system; high levels improve focus, low levels cause anxiety; also contributes to motor control and vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

GABA A receptors

A

ionotropic receptors that function as Cl- channels that produce neuronal inhibition; they have at least two allosteric binding sites that when bound increase the ability of the receptor to bind to the neurotransmitter; there is one site of action for benzodiazepines (sedatives) another for barbiturates (tranquilizers)

60
Q

glutamate

A

small molecule neurotransmitter known for memory; most common neurotransmitter; involved in learning and memory, and the regulation of development and creation of nerve contacts.

61
Q

glycine

A

important amino acid for inhibition, especially in the spinal cord, where it is used instead of GABA

62
Q

glycine antagonist used as a poison; causes spinal seizure

A

strychnine

63
Q

growth cone

A

tip of a growing neuronal axon

64
Q

how biologically effective a ligand is once bound

A

potency

65
Q

how fast and strong a ligand binds to a receptor

A

affinity

66
Q

hydrophilicity

A

attracted to water

67
Q

hydrophobicity

A

repelled from water

68
Q

If correct synaptic partner:
- filopodia flatten out
- presynaptic and postsynaptic densities appear
- clusters of proteins like neurotransmitter receptors and reuptake pumps

A

withdrawal and approach cycles

69
Q

important amino acid for inhibition, especially in the spinal cord, where it is used instead of GABA

A

glycine

70
Q

in a cell, the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer acts as a very effective barrier to e-charged particles like water (H2O) and salt (Na+, K+) trying to get in and out of the cell.

different proteins in the membrane act as hydrophilic channels and pumps (functional components)

A

fluid mosaic model

71
Q

In the 1890’s, it was theorized that the brain was composed of individual, highly specialized cells called neurons

A

Neuron Doctrine

72
Q

in this case, when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, the binding activates a signal for the channel to open. It isn’t a channel itself, but binding to the receptor still opens a channel

A

metabotropic receptor

73
Q

indolamine

A

starts from the amino acid tryptophan that looks like an indol group,
- hydroxylase adds an OH group, and then the decarboxylase removes a COOH

74
Q

insecticides

A

manmade AChE blockers

75
Q

ionotropic receptor

A

neurotransmitter receptors that bind to a neurotransmitter, and the receptor itself becomes a channel where the ions move across

76
Q

ionotropic receptors that function as Cl- channels that produce neuronal inhibition; they have at least two allosteric binding sites that when bound increase the ability of the receptor to bind to the neurotransmitter; there is one site of action for benzodiazepines (sedatives) another for barbiturates (tranquilizers)

A

GABA A receptors

77
Q

it is the property of a receptor, not the property of the molecule itself

A

function of neurotransmitters

78
Q

kainate

A

causes neuron excitation due to increase Na+ influx

79
Q

long slender projection off the soma that sends signals to other neurons; surrounded by a myelin sheath to protect and insulate it

A

axon

80
Q

loss of GABA producing neurons, treated with GABA stimulating drugs

A

epilepsy

81
Q

manmade AChE blockers

A

insecticides

82
Q

many neurites originating from the soma (i.e. motor neurons or pyramidal neurons)

A

multipolar

83
Q

metabotropic receptor

A

in this case, when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, the binding activates a signal for the channel to open. It isn’t a channel itself, but binding to the receptor still opens a channel

84
Q

molecules that bind to a receptor and activate it biologically

A

agonist

85
Q

molecules that bind to a receptor but do not activate it biologically; usually have a high affinity so the receptor is literally blocked from functioning

A

antagonist

86
Q

most active GLU receptor; causes neuron excitation due to increase Na+ influx

A

AMPA

87
Q

movement of ions towards the soma

A

retrograde

88
Q

movement of ions towards the terminal

A

anterograde

89
Q

multipolar

A

many neurites originating from the soma (i.e. motor neurons or pyramidal neurons)

90
Q

myelin

A

coating on axons that insulates the electrochemical signals

91
Q

naturally occurring drug that blocks AChE

A

physostigmine

92
Q

neurochemistry

A

the brain moves ions, making the cell either become positive and excited (on), or negative and inactive (off)

93
Q

neuromodulator

A

small peptide that acts to bind to an allosteric site on a receptor to enhance the binding of that receptor to a natural neurotransmitter

94
Q

Neuron Doctrine

A

In the 1890’s, it was theorized that the brain was composed of individual, highly specialized cells called neurons

95
Q

neurotransmitter receptors

A

specialized proteins embedded in the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron that bind neurotransmitters released into the synapse, opening a pore for charged ions (i.e. Na+, K+) and allowing them to enter/exit the neuron

96
Q

neurotransmitter receptors that bind to a neurotransmitter, and the receptor itself becomes a channel where the ions move across

A

ionotropic receptor

97
Q

NMDA

A

causes neuron excitation due to increase Na+/Ca2+ influx

98
Q

noradrenaline

A

small molecule neurotransmitter known for concentration; affects attention and responding actions in the brain, contracts blood vessels, increases blood flow.

99
Q

oligodendrocyte myelination

A

oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons

100
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

cells that myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord as part of the CNS

101
Q

oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons

A

oligodendrocyte myelination

102
Q

one neurite originating from the soma (i.e. sensory neurons)

A

unipolar

103
Q

Original Law of Dynamic Polarization

A

Cells always contact from the presynaptic terminal to the dendrites with information flwoing from the dendrite to the soma to the axon to the terminal (axo-dendritic synapses)

104
Q

orthograde axoplasmic transport

A

the way in which peptide transmitters are packaged into vesicles in the cell body and sent down the axon to the synaptic terminal

  • they are first broken down into small “active” peptides
  • after release they diffuse away from synapse and are broken down by enzymes (proteolysis)
105
Q

parikaryon

A

soma or cell body, contains the nucleus

106
Q

peptide hormones

A

a short chain of amino acids released from the brain into the blood stream to act as neurochemical signals between brain and body

107
Q

peptide neurotransmitters

A

a short chain of amino acids released in the brain and used as a neurochemical signal between neurons; they are “metabolically expensive” (ie, they take a lot of energy to make), so they tend to act at low concentrations for a long period of time as neuromodulators (i.e. endorphins, vasopressin, oxytocin, etc)

108
Q

peptide neurotransmitters known for euphoria; released during exercise, excitement, and sex; reduces pain

A

endorphins

109
Q

physostigmine

A

naturally occurring drug that blocks AChE

110
Q

potency

A

how biologically effective a ligand is once bound

111
Q

pre-synaptic terminal

A

bulbous ending at the end of the axon, contains synaptic vesicles which are filled with neurotransmitters

112
Q

presynaptic inhibition

A

when GABA blocks the ability of a synaptic terminal to release neurotransmitter

113
Q

repelled from water

A

hydrophobicity

114
Q

retrograde

A

movement of ions towards the soma

115
Q

Revised Law of Dynamic Polarization

A

Cells contact each other in more ways than just presynaptic to postsynaptic:

Axo-somatic synapses– Info flows pre-synaptic terminal à soma* via Axo-axonic synapses – Info flows pre-synaptic terminal à axon* via Axo-synaptic synapses – Info flows pre-synaptic terminal à pre-synaptic terminal

116
Q

schwann cell myelination

A

each schwann cells dedicates itself to a small segment of an axon

117
Q

schwann cells

A

cells that myelinate axons in the PNS

118
Q

serotonin

A

small molecule neurotransmitter known for mood;
contributes to well-being and happiness, helps sleep cycle and digestive system regulation; affected by
exercise and light exposure.

119
Q

small molecule neurotransmitter known for concentration; affects attention and responding actions in the brain, contracts blood vessels, increases blood flow.

A

noradrenaline

120
Q

small molecule neurotransmitter known for inhibition; calms firing nerves in the central nervous system; high levels improve focus, low levels cause anxiety; also contributes to motor control and vision.

A

GABA

121
Q

small molecule neurotransmitter known for memory; most common neurotransmitter; involved in learning and memory, and the regulation of development and creation of nerve contacts.

A

glutamate

122
Q

small molecule neurotransmitter known for mood;
contributes to well-being and happiness, helps sleep
cycle and digestive system regulation; affected by
exercise and light exposure.

A

serotonin

123
Q

small molecule neurotransmitter known for pleasure;
also addiction, movement and motivation. People repeat behaviors that lead to this chemical release.

A

dopamine

124
Q

small molecule neurotransmitter known for thought, learning and memory; activates muscle action in the body, and attention and awakening.

A

acetylcholine

125
Q

small peptide that acts to bind to an allosteric site on a receptor to enhance the binding of that receptor to a natural neurotransmitter

A

neuromodulator

126
Q

soma or cell body, contains the nucleus

A

parikaryon

127
Q

specialized proteins embedded in the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron that bind neurotransmitters released into the synapse, opening a pore for charged ions (i.e. Na+, K+) and allowing them to enter/exit the neuron

A

neurotransmitter receptors

128
Q

SSRI neuroplasticity

A

when someone takes SSRIs it doesn’t cause receptor down-regulation because it is a slow, system level process

129
Q

starts from the amino acid tryptophan that looks like an indol group,
- hydroxylase adds an OH group, and then the decarboxylase removes a COOH

A

indolamine

130
Q

structural proteins

A

determine nerve cell shape and movement (i.e. actin, tubulin, elastin)

131
Q

strychnine

A

glycine antagonist used as a poison; causes spinal seizure

132
Q

Substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

A

enzyme

133
Q

synthesized in the pre-synaptic terminal by the enzyme cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) which fuses to acetate (Acetyl-CoA) and choline together → ACh

Once released, ACh binds to receptors on the post synaptic cell, and then either diffuses out of the synapse or is metabolized by enzymes like acetylcholinesterase

A

acetylcholine synthesis

134
Q

the brain moves ions, making the cell either become positive and excited (on), or negative and inactive (off)

A

neurochemistry

135
Q

the connection between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle

A

cholinergic synapse

136
Q

the way in which peptide transmitters are packaged into vesicles in the cell body and sent down the axon to the synaptic terminal

  • they are first broken down into small “active” peptides
  • after release they diffuse away from synapse and are broken down by enzymes (proteolysis)
A

orthograde axoplasmic transport

137
Q

tip of a growing neuronal axon

A

growth cone

138
Q

transport of new proteins to distant locations in the neurites

A

axoplasmic transport

139
Q

tree-like extensions off the soma that receive signals from other neurons

A

dendrites

140
Q

two neurites originating from the soma (i.e. interneurons)

A

bipolar

141
Q

unipolar

A

one neurite originating from the soma (i.e. sensory neurons)

142
Q

when a neurotransmitter binds and opens up a channel, it doesn’t just stay and keep it open, it jumps off and then could bind again somewhere else

A

contiuum of efficacy

143
Q

when GABA blocks the ability of a synaptic terminal to release neurotransmitter

A

presynaptic inhibition

144
Q

when someone takes SSRIs it doesn’t cause receptor down-regulation because it is a slow, system level process

A

SSRI neuroplasticity

145
Q

withdrawal and approach cycles

A

If correct synaptic partner:
- filopodia flatten out
- presynaptic and postsynaptic densities appear
- clusters of proteins like neurotransmitter receptors and reuptake pumps

146
Q

your DNA (genes) is transcribed into RNA (genetic message) which is translated into proteins (functional molecules)

A

basics of cell biology

Biological Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions