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Cognitive Psych Exam 1 > Exam 1 Cards > Flashcards

Exam 1 Cards Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

the study of mental processes that result in the transformation of sensory information into behavior

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2
Q

sensation, perception, and memory are apart of what typical process?

A

automatic (lower order)

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3
Q

mental imagery, reasoning and decision making, and language are apart of what typical processing?

A

controlled (higher order)

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4
Q

remember environment reflects behavior *

A

remember *

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5
Q

what processes occur without awareness or effort?

A

automatic

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6
Q

what processes occur with conscious effort/awareness to execute?

A

controlled

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7
Q

Controlled processes occur in?

A

serial

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8
Q

Automatic processes occur in?

A

parallel

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9
Q

-pioneered study of “Reaction Time”

A

Franciscus Donders

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10
Q

interval between the presentation of a stimulus and a reaction to it

A

Reaction Time

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11
Q

cognition takes time

A

remember *

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12
Q

central and peripheral nervous system

A

an information processor designed to
-turn external environmental stimuli into internal information
-convert internal information back into environmental energy through behavior

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13
Q

Energy is information

A

remember *

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14
Q

neuron

A

basic building block of the nervous system
-information (energy) processor

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15
Q

What consists of the nervous system?

A

sensory neuron, interneurons, motor neurons

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16
Q

transduces environmental energy into information

A

sensory neuron

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17
Q

(central) moves information from one place to another

A

interneurons

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18
Q

(peripheral) transduces information into environmental energy

A

motor neurons

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19
Q

Parts of an interneuron

A

dendrites, cell body, axon

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20
Q

branches that receive information from other neurons

A

dendrites

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21
Q

-metabolic functions
-information integration

A

cell body (nucleus)

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22
Q

networks of connected neurons allow for complex information processing

A

communication between neurons

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23
Q

This happens within neurons…

A

dendrite to cell body to axon (information is electrical)

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24
Q

This happens between neurons…

A

axon to dendrite at the axon synapse (information is chemical)

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25
Q
  1. neuron receives chemical information from the environment
  2. DENDRITES send electrical information to the CELL BODY
  3. CELL BODY generates an electrical pulse (ACTION POTENTIAL) to pass on information
  4. AP is converted into a NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE TERMINAL BUTTON
  5. NEUROTRANSMITTERS are released into the SYNAPTIC CLEFT
A

Communication with a neuron

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26
Q

pulse like wave of voltage down the membrane of the axon

A

action potential

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27
Q

rate of firing reflects the intensity of information …

A

slow=low intensity
fast=high intensity

28
Q
  1. Neurotransmitters travel across SYNAPTIC CLEFT to receptors on the DENDRITES of another neuron
  2. Rate of firing influences amount of neurotransmitter release
A

remember *

29
Q

Neurotransmitters can be…

A

excitatory or inhibitory

30
Q

encourages other neurons to fire

A

excitatory

31
Q

discourages other neurons to fire

A

inhibitory

32
Q

a series of connected neurons whose activation defines a recognizable linear pathway (don’t physically touch)

A

neural network

33
Q

what are simple “decisions”?

A

single excitatory input

34
Q

what are complex “decisions”?

A

multiple excitatory and inhibitory

35
Q

multiple neurons synapse on each interneuron (input from single neuron may not reach the threshold of the next neuron

A

convergence

36
Q

Hubel and Wiesel discovered?

A

simple, complex, and end-stopped cells

37
Q

fire for a bar with a particular orientation

A

simple cells

38
Q

fire for a bar with a particular orientation that is moving in a particular direction

A

complex cells

39
Q

orientation, direction, and light

A

end-stopped cells

40
Q

correlating brain damage to loss of function

A

lesion studies

41
Q

activity of a single neuron over time

A

single cell recording

42
Q

activity of multiple neurons over time using a network of electrodes

A

EEG

43
Q

activity of region of neurons over time by scanning for changes

A

fMRI

44
Q

Divisions of the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

45
Q

-cortex
-higher order cognition

A

forebrain

46
Q

-sensory, memory, and automatic functions

A

midbrain

47
Q

-motor and autonomic functions
-cerebellum (attention)

A

hindbrain

48
Q

-outer layer of the brain
-2/3 of surface buried in Sulci

A

cerebral cortex

49
Q

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

A

FPOT

50
Q

highest order functioning (language, decision making, thoughts)

A

frontal

51
Q

touch, attention, sensory integration

A

parietal

52
Q

visual processing (all visual input goes here first)

A

occipital

53
Q

hearing, object perception

A

temporal

54
Q

autonomic functions

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

sensory relay

A

thalamus

56
Q

memory consolidation

A

hippocampus

57
Q

emotions/emotional processing

A

amygdala

58
Q

motor control, associative learning

A

basal ganglia

59
Q

cerebellum (little brain)
-fine motor control

A

hindbrain structures

60
Q

loss of ability to produce and/or comprehend language without the deficits in sensory or intellect

A

aphasia

61
Q

-observed that rats raised by his children performed better than lab rats.
-the greater environment the rats were in, the greater the rats were

A

Hebb’s Enriched Environment

62
Q

pioneered the study of memory via the “Savings Method”

A

Herman Ebbinghaus

63
Q

pioneered the “Periodic Table of the Mind”

A

Wilhelm Wundt

64
Q

Pioneered behaviorism

A

John Watson

65
Q

pioneered radical behaviorism

A

B.F. Skinner

Cognitive Psych Exam 1 (1 decks)

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