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Clin Therapeutics 1 > Exam 1 - Bugs n Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Bugs n Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two grams?

A

Gram Positive, Gram Negative

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2
Q

What are “Atypicals”

A

Neither Gram + or Gram -

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3
Q

What shape are Cocci and Bacilli?

A

Cocci=oval

Bacilli=rod

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4
Q

What is the special test for Gram - Aerobic Bacilli?

A

Lactose Fermenting or Non-Lactose Fermenting

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5
Q

What gram, shape, aerobic, and special test are E Coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter?

A

Gram - Bacilli Aerobic Lactose-fermenting

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6
Q

What is the special test for Gram + Bacilli?

A

Acid Fast positive or negative

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7
Q

What is the special test for aerobic Gram + cocci?

A

Coagulase positive or negative

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8
Q

M Tuberculosis is what gram, morphology, and special test?

A

Gram + bacilli acid-fast-positive

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9
Q

S Aureus is what gram, morphology, and special test?

A

Gram +, Cocci, aerobic, clusters, coagulase positive

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10
Q

If Staphylococcus is coagulase-positive which species does it represent?

A

Staph Aureus, most pathological form

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11
Q

If Staphylococcus is coagulase-negative which species does it represent?

A

Staph Epidermis

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12
Q

S Aureus and S Epidermis are what gram, morphology, and “special link”?

A

Gram + Cocci in clusters

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13
Q

S. Aureus called “Penicillin-S” treated with what options?

A

PCN, Amoxicillin, etc

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14
Q

MSSA treated with which 4 options?

A
  1. Oxacillin
  2. PCN + BLI
  3. Cephalosporins
  4. Carbapenems
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15
Q

4 treatment options for MRSA?

A
  1. Ceftaroline
  2. Daptomycin
  3. Linezolid
  4. Vancomycin
    (C.D.L.V…Commercial Drivers License Vroomvroom)
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16
Q

3 treatment options for VISA?

A

Linezolid
Ceftaroline
?Daptomycin?
(LCD…Litchfield County Dispatch)

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17
Q

How to treat VRSA?

A

Based on susceptibility report

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18
Q

Strep Pyogenes aka

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep (GABHS)

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19
Q

Step Agalcitase aka?

A

Group B Beta Hemolytic Strep

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20
Q

Beta Hemolytic Steptococcus which gram and morphology?

A

Gram + Cocci

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21
Q

Which two groups and specific make up Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus?

A

Group A=S Pyogenes

Group B=S Agalactiae

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22
Q

Which Staphylococcus species is Gram + cocci, anaerobic, and gamma-hemolytic?

A

Peptostrepococcus

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23
Q

Which strepotococcus is Gram + Cocci, aerobic, alpha-hemolytic?

A

Strep Pheumoniae

Strep Virdians

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24
Q

Enterococcus species is part of the normal intestinal flora but pathogenic where?

A

Urinary tract (UTI)

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25
Q

What do Beta-Lactams or Vancomycin do to Enterococcus when used along?

A

Becteriostatic

26
Q

What is required for cidal activity against Enterococcus?

A

Combination with Aminoglycoside (Gentamycin, Streptomycin) in addition to beta-lactam or vancomycin

27
Q

Drugs of choice for Enterococcus?

A

Ampicillin IV/Amoxicillin PO

28
Q

Enterococcus tx if allergic to PCN?

A

Vancomycin IV

29
Q

Tx for Enterococcus-caused UTI and allergic to PCN?

A

Nitrofurantoin PO, Fofsomycin PO

30
Q

Do Nitrofurantoin PO, Fofsomycin PO, and tetracyclines achieve systemic concentration? Where do they concentrate?

A

No. Do concentrate in urine.

31
Q

Enterococcus tx if Ampicillin and Vancomycin resistant (VRE)?

A

Daptomycin IV

Linezolid IV/PO

32
Q

Tx for UTI from enterococcus?

A

Nitrofurantoin

33
Q

Gram Positive bacilli, acid fast negative, anaerobic?

A

Clostridium

34
Q

Gram Positive bacilli, acid fast negative, aerobic?

A

Listeria

35
Q

E. Coli and Klebsiella gram, morphology, aerobic and special test?

A

Gram negative bacilli, aerobic, Lastose-fermenting

36
Q

Pseudomonas gram, morphology, aerobic, and special test?

A

Gram Negative bacilli, aerobic, non-lacrosse-fermenting

37
Q

H Flu gram, morphology, aerobic?

A

Gram Negative bacilli, aerobic.

38
Q

E Coli, Klebsiella, H Flu gram, morphology, aerobic?

A

Gram negative bacilli, aerobic.

39
Q

Neisseria species (menigitidis, gonorrhoeae) gram, morphology, aerobic?

A

Gram negative cocci, aerobic.

40
Q

Veillonella gram, morphology, and aerobic?

A

Gram negative cocci, anaerobic

41
Q

Define “contamination”

A

Unintended introduction of infectious material. Doesn’t normally grow there, likely accidental.

42
Q

Define “Colonization”

A

Flora living in happy symbiosis and not pathogenic in context of patient’s clinical picture.

Ex: identification of yeast, enterococcus in sputum samples

43
Q

Define “Infection”

A

Invasion of host by disease-causing agents, replication of those agents, and the host reaction to those agents and their toxins

Ex: Positive Strep Pyogenes throat culture in setting of educates, odynophagia, and erythema

44
Q

Someone with “strep throat” has a contamination/colonization/infection with which bacteria?

A

Infection with Strep Pyogenes.

45
Q

Which are the sterile sites?

A

CSF, blood, peritoneum, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, urine (before urethra)

46
Q

What is the #1 pathogenic bacteria causing UTIs?

A

E. Coli

47
Q

Pharyngeal pathogenic bacteria?

A

S Pyogenes

48
Q

Two bacteria causing Otitis Media?

A

H Flu, S. Pneumoniae

49
Q

2 pathogenic skin bacteria?

A

Step Pyogenes, Staphylococcus (MSSA, MRSA)

50
Q

4 pathogenic respiratory bacteria?

A

Strep Pnemoniae, M. Pneumoniae, C. Pneumoniae, H. Influenza

51
Q

C. Diff causes?

A

Diarrhea, bacteremia

52
Q

Streptococci Pneumonia causes what 4 things?

A

Pneumonia
Otitis
Sinusitis
Meningitis

53
Q

Group B Strep causes what in which age group? Found where?

A

Neonatal meningitis. Found in vagina.

54
Q

Clostridium Perfinges causes what two things?

A

Gas gangrene, necrotizing fasciitis

55
Q

MSSA causes what five infections? (Hint: think where on body)

A

Soft tissue, bone, joint, endocarditis, food poisoning

56
Q

Listeria colonization what two places?

A

Food and animals

57
Q

Listeria causes what three things?

A

Meningitis, diarrhea, bacteremia

58
Q

What are two Legionella reservoir?

A

Water, air

59
Q

Pseudomonas reservoirs?

A

Water, soil, skin, hospital acquired infections

60
Q

Pseudomonas infects people with what?

A

Compromised immune system. Cystic Fibrosis patients.

Clin Therapeutics 1 (12 decks)

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