Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ISF > Exam 1 - Biochemistry > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme

A

Catalyzes reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant in an enzyme catalyze reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Product

A

The result of an enzyme catalyze reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does a double-arrow mean in a reaction?

A

The reaction can go both ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is meant by the rate of an enzymatic reaction?

A

Products/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe two features used in naming enzymes

A

The name of the substrate or product and the type of chemistry involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hydration of an Alkene

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dehydration of an alcohol

A

Alkene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1* alcohol oxidation

A

Aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2* alcohol oxidation

A

Ketone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxidation of 3* alcohol

A

NR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary amine

A

Ionized & unionized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary amine

A

Ionized & unionized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tertiary amine

A

Ionized & unionized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quaternary amine

A

Show charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

Ionized & unionized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reduction of aldehyde

A

Primary alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reduction of aldehyde

A

Carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reduction of ketone

A

Secondary alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrolysis of ester

A

Carboxylic acid and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phosphate ion

A

Draw it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phosphoester bond

A

Products of hydrolysis?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phosphoanhydride bond

A

Products of hydrolysis?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thiol

A

Show structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Disulfide bond

A

Oxidation of two thiols

26
Q

Thiols teri bond

A

products of hydrolysis?

27
Q

Amide bond

A

Products of hydrolysis?

28
Q

Typical amino acid

A

Draw it

29
Q

Typical fat molecule

A

Draw it

30
Q

Rxn of aldehyde and alcohol x2

A

Draw it

31
Q

Two nomenclatures for naming carbon atoms

A

Alpha beta gamma and numbering

32
Q

Three major fuels from a typical diet

A

Carbohydrates, fat and protein

33
Q

Why do cells need energy? (List major classes of uses)

A

Biosynthesis, detoxification, physical/kinetic work

34
Q

Describe and explain the ATP-ADP cycle

A

Cleavage of phosphate bonds releases energy. ATP synthase harvests energy from H+ gradient in mitochondria to re-add phosphate to ADP.

35
Q

Draw schematic of ATP

A

Draw it

36
Q

Label each hydrolyzable bond on ATP

A

Draw it

37
Q

How does ATP have the structure of a nucleotide?

A

A nucleotide is a nucleoside + phosphate. A nucleoside is a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar.

38
Q

What is the difference between adenine and adenosine?

A

Adenine is the nitrogenous base, adenosine is a nucleotide

39
Q

What building blocks are each type of fuel broken into before oxidation?

A

Carbs-monosaccharides; proteins-nucleic acids; fats-fatty acids

40
Q

Describe the regeneration of ATP during cellular respiration

A

Aerobic and anaerobic?

41
Q

Describe the TCA cycle

A

Where does it occur? What does it do?

42
Q

Describe the electron transport chain

A

Where? What does it do?

43
Q

Describe how the TCA cycle and the ETC are connected

A

How are they connected?

44
Q

Describe oxidative phosphorylation

A

Describe it

45
Q

State the caloric value of each fuel

A

Carbs-4 kcal/g; fats-9 kcal/g; protein-4 kcal/g

46
Q

list the major carbohydrates in the human diet and classify each as a mono or poly saccharide

A

Starch, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, galactose, glucose

47
Q

What is table sugar?

A

Sucrose - cane sugar

48
Q

What is milk sugar?

A

Lactose

49
Q

What is fruit sugar?

A

Fructose - sucrose + glucose

50
Q

What is dextrose?

A

Blood sugar - glucose

51
Q

What is blood sugar?

A

Glucose

52
Q

Why do fats have a higher caloric value than carbohydrates?

A

They are more reduced

53
Q

What 3 forms does the body store fuel in? Where is each primarily located?

A

Fat-adipocytes; carbohydrates-glycogen (liver, muscle, all cells), protein-skeletal muscle

54
Q

Why can a limited amount of body protein be broken down before affecting bodily functions?

A

Proteins are essential to the functioning of muscles and all biochemical processes (enzymes)

55
Q

How are amino acids used to generate energy?

A

Gluconeogenesis

56
Q

Compare and contrast starch and glycogen

A

Starch-from plants; glycogen-in muscles

57
Q

Describe the use of muscle glycogen

A

Hydrolyzed to glucose for anaerobic respiration during heavy exertion

58
Q

How is liver glycogen used?

A

To maintain blood glucose levels

59
Q

What enzyme allows the liver to export glucose? How and why?

A

Glucose-6–phosphatase

60
Q

Why store glycogen and not just glucose?

A

Glucose from glycogen is quickly accessible

ISF (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions