Exam 1 (Basics/Chest and Abd Flashcards
overall blackening/darkness of the film
density
density is controlled by _____
mAs
the difference between adjacent densities on a radiograph or varying shades of gray on film
contrast
contrast is controlled by
kVp
other influencing factors of radiographic quality
amount or type of tissue collimation filtration and grids SID processing
T or F
a film does not need to be repeated routinely for contrast
true
if you double mA, mAs will be _____
doubled
100mA x .2s =
20 mAs
200mA x .2s
40 mAs
how do you make the flim twice as dark?
double the mAs
how do you make the film half as dark?
cut the mAs in half
if you double the time the mAs is _____
doubled
if you half the time, the mAs is _____
halved
doubling or halving the the mAs will double or half ______, and is known as what?
flim density, 50% mAs reciprocal rule
adding or subtracting ___% kVp has the same effect on film density as doubling or halving the mAs, and is known as what?
15%, 15% kVp rule
if you can see the bone, leave the _____ alone
kVp
if SID is changed, is mAs or kVp adjusted?
mAs
if SID changes from 40” to 72” multiply the mAs by __
3
if SID is changed from 72 to 40, how would you change the mAs
divide by 3
chest radiography requires a high ____
kVp
chest films are at ___”
why?
72
reduce magnification of the heart
what filter is used for chest films?
none
what views are in a routine chest series?
PA
left lateral
film size for PA chest
14x17
where do you position the cassette for PA film?
1 1/2 inches above the VP
where is the ID blocker on PA chest?
UP
where is the marker for PA chest?
L on left side above shoulder
what are the breathing instructions for PA chest?
deep inspiration and hold
what filter is used for PA chest?
none
optimal PA chest films have ___ thoracics identified well
4
optimal PA chest has how many ribs visible?
10 posterior or 7 anterior
PA chest needs to include the top of the ____ to the bottom of the _____
apices
costophrenic angle
film size for left lateral chest
14x17
patient positioning for left lateral chest
left side against bucky, arms extended over head
breathing instructions for left lateral chest
deep inspiration and hold
filter used for left lateral chest
none
chest accessory views (2)
apical lordotic
left lateral decubitus
how is an apical lordotic done?
chest is tipped and CR is perpendicular to film
or
chest is parallel to film and CR is tilted 15 degrees cephalic
why is apical lordotic view done?
to project clavicles
film size for KUB
14x17
for KUB, CR is at ____
iliac crest
breathing instructions for KUB
exhale and hold
what does a KUB show?
kidneys, ureter, bladder
aka KUB
recumbent, flat plate
if aneurysm is suspected, do _____
lateral abdomen
an upright AP abdomen is done to show what? (2)
free air in abdominal cavity
air-fluid levels
upright AP abdomen, top of cassette is at the level of the _____
axilla
upright AP abdomen CR is approximately where?
2” above iliac crest
upright AP abdomen needs to include the top of the ____
diaphragm
clinic rib series
AP unilateral AD or BD
AD or BD posterior oblique
PA chest
why would a rib view be done recumbent?
to show better detail
film placement for AP AD recumbent ribs?
top of film is 1 1/2 inches above VP
film placement for AP BD recumbent ribs
bottom of film is at iliac crest
patient positioning for posterior oblique ribs
rotate unaffected side 45 degrees away from the bucky
flim placement for AD posterior oblique ribs
top of cassette is 1 1/2 inches above VP
flim placement for BD posterior oblique ribs
bottom of cassette at ililac crest
breathing instructions for AD posterior oblique ribs
inhale and hold
breathing instructions for BD posterior oblique ribs
exhale and hold
universal routine rib series
AP or PA (unilateral or bilateral)
posterior oblique
PA chest
SID for AP or PA ribs
40”
film size and orientation for bilateral ribs
14x17 transverse
cassette placement for bilateral AD ribs
1 1/2 inches above shoulders
cassette placement for bilteral BD ribs
bottom of cassette at crest
4 most common reasons for pediatric radiography
chest
abdomen
bone survey
extremities
it is usually normal to see air where?
under the left hemi-diaphragm (megan blas)
gonadal shield may be used on ____ if it doesnt interfere with abdominal anatomy
males
