Exam 1 Basic Path Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the study of disease?

Answer 1

-Pathology

Investigation of causes of disease and associated changes at the levels of cells, tissues, and organs

Question 2

What are the four aspects of a disease process that form the core of pathology?

Answer 2

1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Morphologic Changes
4. Clinical Manifestations

Question 3

Defined by: The origin of a disease, including underlying causes and modifying factors

Answer 3

Etiology (Why a disease arises)

Question 4

What can the factors that cause disease be grouped into?

Answer 4

Two Classes

• Genetic
• Acquired

Question 5

What is Pathogenesis? (1 of 4 aspects of a disease process)

Answer 5

-Steps in development of disease

Question 6

In the pathogenesis, steps in development of disease, gives rise to and describes what?

Answer 6

Describes:
-How etiologic factors trigger cellular and molecular changes
-How a disease develops
Rise:
-Specific functional and structural abnormalities that characterize the disease

Question 7

Morphologic Changes refers to what? (One of four aspects of a disease process)

Answer 7

• Structural alterations in cells and body organs

- Determine nature of disease and to follow its progression

Question 8

Clinical Manifestations refers to what? (One of four aspects of a disease process)

Answer 8

-Functional consequences of these changes

Question 9

Cell injury occurs if…?

Answer 9

-Cell Adaptive Capability is exceeded or the external stress is inherently harmful
(May be reversible or irreversible)

Question 10

What are the principal adaptive cell responses?

Answer 10

• Hypertrophy (Increase size and number of myofibrils)
• Hyperplasia (Increase organ tissue due to cell proliferation)
• Atrophy (Decline, Waste Away)
• Metaplasia (abnormal change in cells)

Question 11

What is the Hallmark of reversible Cellular Injury?

Answer 11

Cellular Swelling

Question 12

On the cellular level what is occurring that allows for Cellular swelling?

Answer 12

Failure of energy-dependent ion pumps in the plasma membrane leads to an inability to maintain ionic and fluid homeostasis

Question 13

What is the most important and most common cause of Cell Injury?

Answer 13

Hypoxia and Anoxia

Question 14

What is the most common cause of hypoxia?

Answer 14

Ischemia

Question 15

What is Ischemia?

Answer 15

Loss of Blood Supply in a tissue due to impeded arterial flow or reduced venous drainage