Exam 1 AI study Guide Flashcards
What are clinical barriers that might impact patient outcomes?
Barriers include:
* Clinical setting barriers
* Quality of experience barriers
* Communication mismatch between patient and audiologist
* Technocentric barriers
These barriers can affect the overall effectiveness of audiologic rehabilitation.
List some quality of experience barriers.
Quality of experience barriers include:
* Ease of making appointment
* Staff knowledge/helpfulness
* Wait time
* Perceived priorities of staff
These factors can influence patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment.
What is a communication mismatch in audiology?
Communication mismatch refers to the issues patients face in getting their needs addressed by healthcare providers.
It often occurs when the audiologist offers informational counseling instead of personal adjustment counseling.
What strategies can audiologists use to reduce barriers to communication health?
Strategies include:
* Tailoring the process to patient needs
* Training staff in communication practices
* Using assistive-listening devices
* Providing written summaries of visits
* Creating a well-lit and quiet office
* Presenting various solutions in the waiting room
These practices can enhance patient experience and engagement.
What is the purpose of communication strategy training?
The purpose is to teach patients and their families better communication methods and promote self-advocacy skills.
This training can help patients navigate their hearing loss more effectively.
Define patient-centered care (PCC).
Patient-centered care is a model that focuses on the patient’s symptoms, emotional, social, and financial factors, and allows the patient to have control over their treatment.
It involves listening to and respecting the patient’s perspective and values.
What elements are involved in family-centered care (FCC)?
Elements of family-centered care include:
* Communication partner self-report questionnaires
* Understanding the impact of hearing loss
* Opportunities for participation in goal development
* Incorporating the communication partner’s needs into rehabilitation goals
FCC emphasizes collaboration between families and healthcare providers.
What are the overarching goals of audiologic rehabilitation?
Common overarching goals include:
* Reduce deficits related to loss of function
* Enhance conversational fluency
* Recognize multi-dimensional loss of function
* Address physical health, vision, and cognition impacts
* Improve self-esteem and social skills
These goals aim to improve the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.
What are the definitions of functional, activity, and participation restrictions?
Definitions include:
* Function: SNHL (diagnosis)
* Activity: Hearing in noise difficulties
* Participation: Avoiding social situations due to hearing loss
Understanding these concepts supports patient-centered care and the management of hearing loss.
List the benefits associated with the use of standardized questionnaires in audiologic rehabilitation.
Benefits include:
* Identifying remaining aided-activity limitations
* Analyzing activity limitations and participation restrictions
* Encouraging self-monitoring of auditory wellness
Standardized questionnaires help tailor rehabilitation programs to individual needs.
What is the significance of suprasegmental information in auditory processing?
Suprasegmental information improves listener accuracy by helping separate competing voices and is essential for understanding loudness variations, pitch variations, and duration variations.
This information is critical for effective communication in complex listening environments.
How does aging affect the auditory system and communication?
Aging leads to neural changes that impact top-down processing, requiring enhanced cognition for effective listening.
Amplification alone may not guarantee improved communication for older adults with hearing loss.
What is the correlation between hearing loss and cognitive decline?
Hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, with every 25 dB loss advancing cognitive decline by 7 years.
This relationship highlights the importance of addressing hearing loss to mitigate cognitive issues.
Differentiate between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
Fluid intelligence involves logical thinking and problem-solving, which declines with age, while crystallized intelligence involves using skills and experiential knowledge, which does not decline.
Understanding these concepts is important for addressing cognitive changes in older adults.
What is auditory mismatch and how does it relate to speech intelligibility?
Auditory mismatch slows processing speed and increases listening effort, especially in noisy environments, by causing degraded input that doesn’t match long-term memory of signals.
This mismatch can significantly impact a patient’s ability to understand speech.
Why are slow-acting AGC-i compression settings easier to process for patients with cognitive decline?
Slow-acting AGC-i compression settings do not alter the speech envelope, thereby preventing auditory mismatch.
This makes it easier for patients with poor working memory to process auditory information.
What is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
A condition characterized by noticeable cognitive decline greater than expected for a person’s age but not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life or independent functioning.
Why do older adults require an extra +3-5 dB SNR when communicating in noise?
Due to auditory mismatch from ARHL and reductions in cognitive processing abilities.
What did Pichora-Fuller (2006) conclude about communication in noise?
It places a strain on already restricted cognitive resources, increasing listening effort.
What SNR levels help reduce cognitive load to enhance listening?
+10 to +15 dB.
Which populations maintain advanced brainstem encoding of auditory information as they age?
Musical training individuals, tonal language speakers, bilingual language speakers.
What are the benefits of musical training on cognitive skills?
Faster brainstem timing, greater representation of harmonics, superior cognitive skills.
What were the findings of the Piano Study regarding neural plasticity?
Participants with no prior musical experience showed faster processing speed and improved memory after music education.
What was observed in the ARHL group after 6 months of bilateral hearing aid use?
A reversal in cross-modal re-organization of auditory cortex by vision, coinciding with gains in speech perception and cognitive performance.
What is speech perception training?
A structured approach to improving auditory processing skills, focusing on enhancing the ability to perceive and understand speech.
Why is speech perception training important?
It can improve speech understanding, enhance listening skills in noisy environments, and improve auditory attention and memory.
List the types of perceptual training included in audiologic rehabilitation.
- Synthetic speech perception
- Analytic speech perception training
- Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP)
- Meaning based orientation training
- Active filter hypothesis training.
What is auditory discrimination?
Training the ability to distinguish between similar sounds.
What activities are involved in auditory closure training?
- Word and sentence completion tasks
- Listening to degraded speech.
What is the focus of auditory memory training?
Training the ability to retain and recall auditory information.
What does synthetic speech perception training rely on?
Top-down processing to take in and analyze information without identifying every word or sound.
What tasks are associated with analytic speech perception training?
- Sound identification drills
- Lipreading drills
- Temporal integration tasks
- Temporal ordering tasks
- Binaural interaction tasks.
What is Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP)?
Training tasks that match the PHL’s desired outcome for greater effectiveness.
Define cross-modal reorganization.
When the brain adapts by reallocating functions typically associated with one sensory modality to another.
What does encoding refer to in the context of sensory input?
The process by which the brain converts sensory input into neural signals or patterns for storage and recall.
