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DHN 312/313 > Exam 1 Adolescence > Flashcards

Exam 1 Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

BMI is constant throughout childhood. (T/F)

A

False

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2
Q

The recommended total fiber intake for a 13-year-old boy is ______ grams/day.

A

31 grams per day

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3
Q

What is the recommended fiber intake for children ages 4-8?

A

25 grams/day

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4
Q

What is the recommended fiber intake for girls age 9-13?

A

26 grams/day

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5
Q

Preadolescence is generally defined as 9-11 years of age for girls and 10-12 years of age for boys. (T/F)

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Children with a BMI for age that is greater than or equal to the 85th percentile but less than or equal to the 94th percentile are classified as _________.

A

Overweight

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7
Q

During middle childhood and preadolescence, the child is responsible for __________.

A

how much they eat

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8
Q

When parents try to control their children’s intake, especially by restricting their access to food, children become __________.

A

less able to regulate their intake to meet their needs

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9
Q

Which food will most likely enhance iron absorption?

A

Grapefruit/ citrus/ vitamin C rich foods

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10
Q

The National School Lunch Program Meal Pattern is required to provide ________ of the DRIs on the child’s age or graduation group.

A

1/3

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11
Q

Some potential consequences of a weight-loss program in childhood are a slowing of linear growth and the beginnings of eating disorders. (T/F)

A

True

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12
Q

What protein intake is recommended for a 12-year-old girl who weighs 48kg?

A

45.6 g/day (0.95 grams/kg of bw)

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13
Q

Energy and protein needs are lower on a body-weight basis in ______ than during other stages of development.

A

Childhood

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14
Q

The CDC 2000 growth charts are a good starting place for assessing the growth of any child (T/F).

A

True

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15
Q

Many children with CF have slow growth and are lower in weight and shorter than expected (T/F)

A

True

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16
Q

Which programs encourages parent-provider-community partnerships so that children with complex medical conditions have access to coordinated, well-planned services?

A

Family/Patient Centered Medical Home Program

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17
Q

Every time a child with cystic fibrosis eats a meal or a snack, they must take pills containing ________.

A

Enzymes

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18
Q

Many children with cerebral palsy often have constipation _________________.

A

Becauase coordinated muscle movements are part of bowel emptying.

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19
Q

The USDA requires that school breakfast and lunch menus be modified for children with diagnosis-specific dietary interventions or changes in the texture of foods (T/F).

A

True

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20
Q

Adolescence is usually defined as the period of life between ___________ years of age.

A

11 to 21

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21
Q

Weight dissatisfaction is common among adolescent females during and immediately following puberty. (T/F).

A

True

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22
Q

SMR stage 5 corresponds with prepubertal growth and development. (T/F)

A

False

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23
Q

Physical activity has been shown to increase steadily throughout adolescence. (T/F)

A

False

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24
Q

Almost ________ %of adult peak bone mass is accrued during adolescence; thus adolescence is a critical time for osteoporosis prevention.

A

50 (?)

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25
Q

More frequent family meals are associated with improved dietary intake among adolescents. (T/F)

A

True

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26
Q

Which vegetarian diet excludes meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, and dairy products?

A

Vegan

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27
Q

A reasonable number of goals to work toward during a counseling session with an adolescent would be _________.

A

One or two

28
Q

An underweight 17-year-old male was 15 minutes late to his nutrition counseling appointment, and he had to leave for a school-related practice in 20 minutes. Which dietary assessment method would be the most appropriate for the dietitian to begin assessing his food intake pattern, as well as a method that he could reliably complete on the telephone at a later time?

A

24-hour recall

29
Q

Which dietary assessment tool would most likely be appropriate for someone who needs to measure food portions and is highly motivated?

A

Food record

30
Q

Middle Childhood age range?

A

5-9/10 (elementary school)

31
Q

Preadolescence age range?

A

9-11 for girls
10-12 for boys

32
Q

What age does BMI rebound occur at?

A

Around 5 years of age

33
Q

What are the characteristics of the obesogenic built environment?

A

This environment encourages excess energy intake and discourages energy expenditure. Includes child characteristics and risk factors like gender, dietary intake, and physical activity. Includes parenting styles and family characteristics like tv watching, parent food preferences, parent activity patterns, and more. It also includes community characteristics like school lunch programs, access to recreational facilities, and crime rates.

34
Q

What are the critical periods in the development of obesity?

A

Gestation, BMI rebound age 5-7, and adolescence.

35
Q

What is the 10, 5, 2, 1, 0 basic healthy recommendation?

A

10 or more hours of sleep
5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables
2 hours or less of screen time
1 hour or more of physical activity
0 sugar-sweetened beverages

36
Q

What are the psychological conditions associated with childhood obesity?

A

Poor self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders.

37
Q

What are the cardiovascular conditions associated with childhood obesity?

A

Dyslipidemia, hypertension, chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction

38
Q

What are the endocrine conditions associated with childhood obesity?

A

Metabolic syndrome, menstrual dysfunction, early puberty in girls, delayed puberty in boys, insulin resistance, and gynecomastia.

39
Q

BMI categories in childhood?

A

Greater than or equal to 85%= overweight
Greater than or equal to 95%= obese
BMI greater than 120% of the 95 percentile OR absolute BMI of 35= severe obesity

40
Q

Based on the 2007 AAP guidelines, what is involved in Stage 1: Prevention Plus?

A

WHAT: 5 fruits + vegetables, less than 2 hrs of screen time, greater than 1 hour of PA, reduce sweet drinks, introduce family-based meals and change.

41
Q

Based on the 2007 AAP guidelines, what is involved in Stage 2: Structure Weight Management?

A

WHAT: Reduced calorie eating plan (100-150 kcal below need), 3 structured meals with 1-2 snacks, more than 1 hour of PA, and monitoring food intake with logs.

42
Q

Based on the 2007 AAP guidelines, what is involved in Stage 3: Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention?

A

WHAT: Strict calorie eating plan, less than 1 hr of screen time and more than 1 hour of structured PA with a trainer, monitoring with logs, and systemic evaluation of measurements.

43
Q

Based on the 2007 AAP guidelines, what is involved in Stage 4: Tertiary Care Intervention?

A

WHAT: Very low-calorie diet (800-1,000 kcal/day), medications, bariatric surgery, and medical monitoring.

44
Q

National School Lunch Program

A

Ran by the USDA. Began in 1946 after WW2. Needs to cover 1/3 of DRIs for the age group over the week for calories, protein, calcium, iron, vitamins A and C.

45
Q

National School Breakfast Program

A

Authorized in 1966. NSLP rules apple for NSBP. Breakfast must provide 1/4 DRI. Challenges include financial resources, and providing foods that kids will eat.

46
Q

What are some benefits of family meals?

A

Children aged 9-14 who eat family meals have healthier dietary patterns, including eating more fruits and vegetables, less saturated and trans fat, fewer fried foods and sodas, lower glycemic load, and more vitamins and other micronutrients. Less likely to get eating disorders as well.

47
Q

What are the main points of the new 2023 guidelines for weight management in children?

A

No more waiting and watching to grow into height and weight. Includes more face-to-face hours of family-based treatment. Includes the use of drugs in children 12 or older. Teens 13 and older with BMI greater than 120% of the 95 percentile should be evaluated for bariatric surgery.

48
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A

OARS= Open-ended questions, affirmation, reflective listening, and summary. Motivational interviewing is a client-centered directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation for change.

49
Q

What is the age range for early, middle, and late adolescence?

A

Early adolescence: 11-14
Middle adolescence: 15-17
Late adolescence: 18-21

50
Q

Body composition changes associated with puberty in females?

A

Average lean body mass decreases, and 25% body fat is needed to maintain regular menstrual cycles. Females get taller and then put on weight after.

51
Q

Body composition changes associated with puberty in males?

A

Peak weight gain happens at the same time as peak linear growth and peak muscle mass accumulation. Body fat decreases to 12%

52
Q

How is sexual maturation measured?

A

It is measured in stages. For females, it is measured in breast development and pubic hair growth. For males, it is measured in genital growth and pubic hair growth.

53
Q

What are the main components of the conceptual model for factors influencing eating behaviors and factors?

A

Includes peers, parental modeling, social media, body image, personal and cultural beliefs, body image, and more.

54
Q

How has social media impacted self-esteem and mental health in adolescents?

A

1/3 of girls have body image issues due to social media. The Duck syndrome tells us that social media it all good on top but on the bottom people are struggling to stay afloat.

55
Q

How does body image change over time?

A

Decreases around puberty and then increases to its peak around ages 48-52. After that it begins to decline again up until age 94.

56
Q

What are the energy and macronutrient needs for adolescent males and females?

A

Protein= 10-35%, 0.85 g/kg bare min
Carbs= 45-65%
Fat: 25-35%

57
Q

What are the nutrients of concern for adolescents?

A

Folate, Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus. Also includes calcium which is needed for bone growth since 1/2 of peak bone mass is accrued during this time frame. Also includes iron because as growth happens, blood volume will need to increase.

58
Q

What are the steps involved in counseling an adolescent?

A

Screening for indicators of nutritional risk like weight, height, BMI, disorder eating tendencies, blood pressure and lipid levels, iron status, and food security.

59
Q

What are some risk factors for hypertension?

A

Family history of hypertension, history of premature birth, high sodium intake, high weight status, hyperlipidemia, inactive lifestyle, sleep apnea, and tobacco use.

60
Q

What are the classifications of blood pressure?

A
61
Q

What are the risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

A

Family history, cigarette smoking/ tobacco exposure, overweight, hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity.

62
Q

What is categorized as high LDL levels in adolescents?

A

LDL greater than 130 mg/dL

63
Q

What is categorized as a high triglyceride count in adolescents?

A

200 mg/dL or greater

64
Q

What is the dietary recommendation for managing hypertension in adolescents?

A

DASH diet: Includes fat-free/low-fat diary products, increased intake of fruits and veggies, fish, and lean meats, and lower sodium intake.

65
Q

What is the CHILD-1 diet?

A

Stands for cardiovascular health integrated lifestyle diet. Influences positive lifestyle through encouraging intake of high-fiber foods, consuming fruits, veggies, and whole grains, limiting the intake of sugar beverages, encouraging water intake and fat-free unflavored milk, avoiding trans fat, limiting cholesterol, sodium, fat, and saturated fat intake.

DHN 312/313 (4 decks)

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