Exam 1: Acute Respiratory Failure & Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Flashcards
What is the difference between hypoxemia and hypoxia?
- Hypoxemia is low arterial blood oxygen levels: PaO2<80 mm Hg (But lower in COPD though!)
- Hypoxia occurs when the tissue has inadequate oxygen supply
Describe ventilation:
AIR MOVEMENT – Breathe in, breathe out
Describe perfusion:
BLOOD FLOW - Bloodflow in the lungs
What is the preferred relationship between ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q)?
They should match!
What happens when they do not match in the lung (or an area of the lung)?
Respiratory failure
→ V/Q mismatch
What are the PaO2 and PaCO2 parameters with respiratory failure? Like, you DO NOT want the PaO2 and CO2 to be what?
PaO2 < 80 or PaCO2 > 45 (Acute = abnormal pH)
Is respiratory failure caused by issues with ventilation or issues with oxygenation?
Can be either!
→ Ventilation (more common, seeing it a lot with opioid poisonings)
→ Oxygenation
→ or, both
Again: What is inadequate with ventilation failure?
AIR MOVEMENT!
Again: What is inadequate with oxygenation failure?
Arises from poor lung blood flow
With ventilation failure, is perfusion is normal or abnormal?
Normal
Break down ventilation failure for me, pls:
→ Air cannot move in and out of the lungs enough
→ Oxygen cannot get to the alveoli
→ CO2 is stuck in the alveoli
→ Blood is flowing by to pick up oxygen but it is a wasted trip…There isn’t enough O2 (only CO2)
When does ventilation failure occur?
Physical problems with chest and lungs
→ Broken ribs (can kill!)
Injury or failure of the respiratory control center
Inability to control function of respiratory muscles
What is the most classic case of oxygenation failure?
PE
What are some other things that cause oxygenation failure?
- R → L shunting in pulmonary vessels
- Breathing air with low O2
- Abnormal hemoglobin/ fails to bind to O2
I need to listen to this lecture again, I’m kind of lost.
BRB
