EXAM #1: ABNORMAL GROWTH OF PEDS Flashcards
What is the normal weight-for-height?
2.3rd - 97.7th percentile
What are the abnormal BMIs for children?
Overweight: 85th-95th
Obese= 96th+
Underweight= less than 3rd
What causes a US/LS?
1) Turner Syndrome
2) Rickets
3) Achondroplasia
What causes a decreased US/LS?
Marfan Syndrome
What is the definition of Failure to Thrive?
- Weight less than 2nd percentile
- Decreased velocity of weight gain
*Underlying cause is INSUFFICIENT NUTRITION
What is the difference between wasting and stunting?
Wasting= low weight for height
Stunting= low height for age
What indicates an abnormally tall child?
1) Height greater than 97.7 %
2) Deviation upward 2 height % curves
*Note that mid-parental height, advanced bone age, and dysmorphic features are also indications for a problem.
What is bone age? How is this measurement taken?
- Left hand and wrist x-ray taken and evaluated
- Radiologist gives new age
*This number is then used as a correction in the growth plot
What is the most common cause of overgrowth in infancy?
Maternal DM
Aside from maternal DM, what are the two most common causes of infant overgrowth?
1) Sotos Syndrome
2) Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
What is familial tall stature?
Simply a tall family (no pathology)
What is the difference between central and peripheral precocious puberty?
Central= neuro
Peripheral= gonad related
What are the symptoms of precocious puberty?
1) Advanced bone age
2) Early epiphyseal closure
3) Tall child that turns out to be short adult
What is the most reliable measurement for gigantism?
IGFBP-3
What is meant by “eunchoid proportions?”
- Long legs
- Reduced UL segment ratio
- Low sitting height
What is the phenotype of melanocortin-4 receptor mutations?
Obesity
What is the genetic basis for Klinefelter’s Syndrome
2+ X chromosomes in males
What is the typical phenotype of a 47 XYY patient?
Autism-like
What is a major clinical difference between Marfan Sydrome and Homocystinuria?
Marfan= lens subluxed upward
Homocystinuria= lens subluxed downward
- Also, intellectual disability
What is the definition of a short child?
Height less than 2.3rd%
How does constitutional delay differ from familial short stature?
Familial= short parents–kid will be short
Constitutional delay= kid just takes a long time to reach normal height
What condition should any short girl be worked up for?
Turner’s Syndrome
