Exam 1 AAMC Flashcards
Scenario: patients with high interoceptive awareness of heartbeat and bp with their panic attack leads to conditioned fear associated with the bodily sensations. This scenario is most closely related to what approach? Psychodynamic, behaviorist, trait, or humanistic?
Behaviorist: all behaviors are learned through conditioning
Describe the difference of conditioned stimulus vs unconditioned stimulus
The unconditioned stimulus has always triggered a response whereas the conditioned stimulus was once neutral and not associated with a response. For example, food is the unconditioned stimulus that causes you to salivate whereas the doorbell ringing from ubereats may become a conditioned stimulus for you to salivate.
If a panic attack serves as a reason a person no longer goes to meetings, then the PD serves as: A. Discriminatory stimuli B. Signaling stimuli C. Positive punishers D. Negative Punishers
Positive punishers because there is a decreased response that occurs as a result of the PD.
Positive/negative reinforcement v. punisher
Reinforcement describes a stimulus that increases behavior, punishers decrease behavior
Positive- addition of stimulus
Negative- removal of stimulus
Sound induced vibrations depolarize hair cells of the cochlea by opening ion channels that are gated in what way? A. Chemically B. Mechanically C. Electrically
Mechanically- sound waves cause hair cells to vibrate and directly activate the mechanically gated ion channels for auditory signaling. Upon activation, it generates a depolarizing current within the cell.
Chemically gated ion channels involve the binding of a molecule to an ion channel. This occurs in olfaction and gustation
Define stimulus generalization and provide an example
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the old conditioned stimuli. Ex. Fluffy dog and fluffy cat
Which measure would most be useful if the researchers were interested in the degree of sympathetic arousal experienced by participants? A. Measure of electrical conductivity of the skin B. CT scan of hindbrain C. PET scan of parietal cortex D. Measure of melatonin levels
A. Increased sympathetic arousal is associated with increased electrical conductivity of the skin. All other options will not measure sympathetic arousal.
Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
It describes the pattern of responses that the body goes through after being prompted by a stressor. There are 3 stages: alarm resistance and exhaustion. Basically stress has its same effects no matter the exact cause. There is hope:)
What is the primary function of the hippocampus?
Learning and Memory
Hypothalamus function
Maintains homeostasis, and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary
Cerebellum function
Controls motor skills such as balance, coordination and posture
T/F the median splits the data in half
True. For example, if the median BMI is 25, then half have a BMI lower and half have it higher
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development stem from what?
8 Different Conflicts that occur throughout different life stages (baby-trust, toddler-autonomy v. Shame, child-competent/incompetent, teenager-identify/role confusion, adult-intimacy/find love, seniors-did I live a good life
Linguistic relativity
Represents the weak version of the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis- structure of a language affects its speakers’ worldview or cognition
T/F Small groups are more intimate, but less stable. Whereas, large groups are more stable , but less intimate
True according to the basic group dynamics in sociology
