EXAM 1 Flashcards
R.I.C.E.
Rest (2-3 days)
Ice (15-20 minutes, every 2-3 hours)
Compress (not during sleep)
Elevate (above heart level)
the 6 P’s for neurovascular assessment
pallor pain parasthesia pulselessness poikilothermia (polar/cold) Paralysis
what should be done immediately after a soft tissue injury
first 12-24 hours
what is a sprain
injury to a ligament
what is a strain
injury to tendons
what are s/s of a soft tissue injury
pain
edema
decreased function
contusion
what joints are commonly dislocated
hips
shoulders
elbow
thumb
what is the ROM with a dislocation
not able to move
no ROM
loss of ROM distal
whats important immediately after a dislocation
immobolize it
RICE
what is important to educate people on for future dislocations
at higher risk for future dislocations
what is bursitis
inflammation of bursa
what causes bursitis
repeat of excessive trauma/friction of joint
gout
RA
infection
s/s of bursitis
warmth pain stiffness swelling limited ROM
when does rotator cuff injury typically occur
age
injury
repetitive stress
how can you determine the difference between a rotator cuff injury and a dislocation
can still move it when it is a rotator cuff injury
what is carpal tunnel
the median nerve is compressed
what causes carpal tunnel
repeated hand movements
edema
trauma
arthritis
what is the Phalens Test
pushing of the hands together
what is the Tinels Test
tap over the nerve
what are the treatments for carpal tunnel
splint the wrist
promote rest 2-3 weeks
educate on prevention (short breaks)
what can prolonged immobilization cause
decreased metabolic rate bone demineralization (osteoporosis) tissue ischemia pressure ulcer decreased need for oxygen, loss of RR strength
what is different with fractures and children
they have more rapid healing
what is the weakest point of the bone with growing children
the growth plate
are of growing tissue at the end of long bones
what do osteoclasts do
clean up
what do osteoblasts do
building blocks
what do osteocytes do
cycle of it
how should you immobilize a fracture
in which it is found
where should you splint a fracture
above and below the limb/bone
why may a child still be able to move after a fracture
thick periosteum
labs can be evaluated for a fracture
H/H
Calcium
ESR
what is the main goal of treatment for a fracture
restore normal function
what is the most common reduction used for simple fractures
closed reduction
what does reduction do
realign ends of fractured bone
x-ray taken before and after
what are the types of immobilization
splinting casting traction external fixation internal fixation
what should you use when placing a wet cast
use palms and not fingers
what should you assess for when it comes to infections and casts
hot spots
how should you remove the nasty gunk after a cast
baby oil/soak it