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Biology 2190 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Element

A

pure substance containing only one atom

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2
Q

All living organisms have

A

H,C,N,O,P,S

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3
Q

Atomic mass

A

protons + neutrons

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

forms element with differ mass numbers

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5
Q

Radioisotopes

A

unstable, give off gamma, beta, and alpha radiation)

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6
Q

Radioactive decay

A

transforms the atom

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7
Q

What determines how atom acts

A

energy, electron

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8
Q

Molecule

A

two or more bonded atoms

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9
Q

Chemical bond

A

force that links together forming molecules

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10
Q

Covalent Bond

A

sharing of e- (strongest bond)

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11
Q

Compound

A

2 or more elements

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12
Q

Electronegativity

A

attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on e-

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13
Q

Ions

A

electrically charged particles

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14
Q

Cation

A

positively charged

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15
Q

Anion

A

negatively charged

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16
Q

Ionic bond

A

bond btwn negative and positive ions

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17
Q

Cohesion

A

water molecules resist coming apart from 1 another (results in surface tension)

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18
Q

Mole

A

amount of substance

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19
Q

Avogadro’s number (1 mole)

A

6.02*10^23

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20
Q

Acids

A

give off H+

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21
Q

Bases

A

accept H+ ions

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22
Q

Weak acid

A

not full dissociation

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23
Q

Strong acid

A

complete dissociation

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24
Q

pH

A

log of the molar conc. of H+ ions

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25
Q

Lower pH means what?

A

H+ conc. is higher, or greater acidity

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26
Q

Buffer

A

mixture of weak acid and its corresponding base

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27
Q

Macromolecules

A

polymers with molecular weight > 1000Da

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28
Q

Four macromolecules

A

proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids

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29
Q

Polymers of smaller molecules

A

monomers

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30
Q

LIPIDS ARE NOT POLYMERS

A

-

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31
Q

Isomer

A

molecules that have same formula but differ. atom arrangement

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32
Q

Polymers formed in which reactions

A

condensation/dehydration

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33
Q

MONOMERS ARE JOINED BY COVALENT BONDS

A

-

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34
Q

Functions of proteins

A

enzymes, structure, protection, signal transduction, transport, DNA regulation

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35
Q

Polypeptide chain

A

single, unbranched chain of AA

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36
Q

Argine, Histidine, Lysine

A

hydrophilic (form H bonds)

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37
Q

Negative charge

A

Aspartic, Glutamic

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38
Q

Disulfide bond

A

capable of stabilizing 3-D shape

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39
Q

Primary structure

A

sequence of amino acids

40
Q

Secondary structure

A

3D structure (alpha and beta pleated shape)

41
Q

LINK BTWN MONOMER IS COVALENT BOND

42
Q

Tertiary structure

A

bending and folding

43
Q

Quaternary structure

A

results from interaction of subunits

44
Q

Interactions btween proteins and other molecules

A

Noncovalent bond

45
Q

Affect 2 and 3 structure

A

temp change, pH, high conc. of polar molecules

46
Q

Denaturation

A

loss of 3D structure

47
Q

Chaperonins

A

proteins that help prevent proteins bind to wrong lignands

48
Q

Carbs

A

energy source, carbon skeleton

49
Q

Types of carbs

A

mono, di, oligo, poly

50
Q

Types of polysacc.

A

starch, glucogen, cellulose

51
Q

Disaccahrides

A

sucrore, maltose, cellolose

52
Q

Starch

A

stroage of glucose in plants

53
Q

Glycogen

A

storage of glucose in animals

54
Q

Cellulose

A

component of plant cell wall (very stable)

55
Q

Lipids

A

Nonpolar/ insoluble in water hydrocarbons

56
Q

FATS ARE OILS ARE TRIGLYCERIDES-SIMLPES LIPIDS

57
Q

Triglycerides

A

1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids

58
Q

Ester linkage

A

carboxyl reacts with glycerol hydroxyl group

59
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

no dbl bonds

60
Q

Unstaturated fatty acids

A

some dbl bonds, attach to glycerol to form a triglyceride

61
Q

Phosolipid

A

2 fatty acids and 1 phosophate group bound to glycerol

62
Q

Purine

A

large, 2 ring structure

63
Q

Pyrimides

64
Q

Ribose

A

has hydroxyl group

65
Q

Deoxy

A

no hydroxyl group

66
Q

Phosphodiester linkages

A

backbone of DNA and RNA

67
Q

Hybridize

A

binding of 2 strands of nucleic acid (complementary base pairing)

68
Q

DNA

A

information molecule

69
Q

RNA

A

uses info to determine sequence of AA

70
Q

ATP

A

energy transducer

71
Q

GTP

A

energy source in protein synthesis

72
Q

cAMP

A

essential to the action of hormones and transmission of info in nervous system

73
Q

FORM PURINES, PYRIMIDES, AA

74
Q

enzymes

A

catalyst procuded by an organism

75
Q

Light microscope

A

use glass lenses and light (resolution=.2um)

76
Q

Electron microscope

A

elctromagnets focus an electron beam (resolution=1000x higher)

77
Q

Why are cells small

A

high SA to volume ratio

78
Q

Plasma membrane function

A
  • allow cell to maintian homeostasis
  • acts as selective permeable barrier
  • important for comm and receiving signals
  • contains proteins
79
Q

Prokarytic

A

small, single cells, enclosed by plasma membrane, have rigid cell wall

80
Q

Internal membrane system

A

allow bacteria to undergo photosynthesis

81
Q

Organelle

A

membrane enclosed compartment

82
Q

Holes in cell wall

A

plasmo desmata

83
Q

PLANTS DO NOT HAVE CENTRIOLES

84
Q

Nucleolus

A

begins assembly of ribosomes

85
Q

Nuclear pores

A

control passage of molecules

86
Q

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE IS CONTINIOUS WITH ER

87
Q

Nuclear lamina

A

break down when cell divides, give form

88
Q

Chromosomes

A

seperate strand of chromatin

89
Q

Ribosome

A

protein synthsis, made of RNA and protein

90
Q

Endomembrane system

A

ER and Golgi….network of enterconnected membranes including RER and SER

91
Q

RER

A

segregates newly made proteins which enter luumen and can be mdified and transported

92
Q

SER

A

synthesis of lipiids and steriods, detoxification, hydrolysis of glycogen

93
Q

Golgi App

A

recieve protein and modify from ER…package and sort protein

94
Q

cis region

A

receives vesicles from ER

95
Q

trans region

A

vesicles bud off and are mmoved to plasa membrane

Biology 2190 (1 decks)

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