Exam 1

Question 1

Name the Purines

Answer 1

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)

Question 2

Name the Pyrimidines

Answer 2

Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) and Uracil (U)

Question 3

Which bases are commonly found in RNA?

Answer 3

Uracil (U) and Cytosine (C)

Question 4

What is the nucleotide that is not a substrate in the synthesis of RNA or DNA?

Answer 4

(TTP) thymidine 5’-triphosphate

Question 5

How many hydrogen bonds are there in a A+T base pair?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

How many hydrogen bonds are there in a G+C base pair?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

cDNA molecules are DNA copies of mRNA transcripts, and therefore contain the
protein-coding sequence of a gene uninterrupted by introns. In preparing cDNAs from
purified eukaryotic mRNAs, which enzyme is used to synthesize the first cDNA
strand?

Answer 7

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 8

Is Alanine (Ala, A) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 8

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 9

Is Valine (Val, V) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 9

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 10

Is Leucine (Leu, L) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 10

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 11

Is Isoleucine (lle, I) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 11

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 12

Is Proline (Pro, P) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 12

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 13

Is Methionine (Met, M) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 13

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 14

Is Phenylalanine (Phe, F) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 14

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 15

Is Tryptophan (Trp, W) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 15

Non-polar, Group 1: R side chains have carbons and hydrogens

a) short chains (alkyl groups
(b) Cyclic structures (aromatic rings)

Question 16

Is Glycine (Gly, G) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 16

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 17

Is Serine (Ser, S) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 17

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 18

Is Threonine (Thr, T) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 18

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 19

Is Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 19

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 20

Is Cysteine (Cys, C) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 20

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 21

Is Asparagine (Asn, N) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 21

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 22

Is Glutamine (Glu, Q) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 22

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 23

Is Histidine (His, H) polar or nonpolar? What group is it classified under?

Answer 23

Polar, Group 2: hydrogen bond forming

R side chains have -OH, -NH, or -SH groups

Question 24

Is Aspartic Acid (Asp, D) Basic or Acidic? What group is it classified under?

Answer 24

Acidic, Group 3: Charged amino acids
Negatively Charged Side chains -COO-
Positively Charged R side chains -NH3+, =NH2+

Question 25

Is Glutamic Acid (Glu, E) Basic or Acidic? What group is it classified under?

Answer 25

Acidic, Group 3: Charged amino acids
Negatively Charged Side chains -COO-
Positively Charged R side chains -NH3+, =NH2+

Question 26

Is Lysine (Lys, K) Basic or Acidic? What group is it classified under?

Answer 26

Acidic, Group 3: Charged amino acids
Negatively Charged Side chains -COO-
Positively Charged R side chains -NH3+, =NH2+

Question 27

Is Arginine (Arg, R) Basic or Acidic? What group is it classified under?

Answer 27

Acidic, Group 3: Charged amino acids
Negatively Charged Side chains -COO-
Positively Charged R side chains -NH3+, =NH2+

Question 28

Each H2O molecule in ice, the solid form of water, simultaneously forms how many hydrogen bonds with other H2O molecules?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

The nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA include the pyrimidines and purines. Which pyrimidine base is 2-oxy-4-amino pyrimidine?

Answer 29

Adenine

Question 30

DNA double helices can form three possible secondary structures: A, B, and Z. Which is not a characteristic of B-DNA?

Answer 30

base pairs tilted 19degrees relative to helical axis.

Question 31

The initial step in the synthesis of a cDNA molecule from a eukaryotic mRNA molecule with a poly(A) tail would be to anneal the mRNA to which primer?

Answer 31

oligo(dT)

Question 32

Water molecules form _____ around ions.

Answer 32

hydration shells

Question 33

Water molecules form _____ with polar solutes

Answer 33

hydrogen bonds

Question 34

______

structures are formed by H2O molecules surrounding hydrophobic solutes.

Answer 34

Clathrate