Exam 1

Question 1

Anthropology (Definition)

Answer 1

Study of human diversity across time and space.

Question 2

Cultural Anthropology (Definition)

Answer 2

Study of human CULTURAL diversity across time and space.

Question 3

Culture (Definition)

Answer 3

Learned (NOT inherited/instinctual) traditions and customs that govern your behavior and belief.

Question 4

Linguistic Anthropology (Definition)

Answer 4

Study of human LANGUAGE diversity across time and space.

Question 5

Code-switching (Definition)

Answer 5

When someone subconsciously switches their pattern of speech/accent/language to fit a situation, or because of who’s around.

Question 6

Archaeology (Definition)

Answer 6

The study of human MATERIAL CULTURE across time and space.

Question 7

Material Culture (Definition)

Answer 7

Things that are left behind other than bones, such as structures, tools, jewelry, ceramics, trash, etc.

Question 8

Biological/Physical Anthropology (Definition)

Answer 8

The study of human PHYSICAL or BIOLOGICAL diversity across time and space.

Question 9

Primatology (Definition)

Answer 9

The study of NON-HUMAN primates (chimpanzees, apes, ancient primates, etc).

Question 10

Paleoanthropology (Definition)

Answer 10

The study of ANCIENT humans (including human ancestors + relatives).

Question 11

Human Variation (Definition)

Answer 11

The variation among modern humans.

Question 12

6 Sub-types of Human Variation

Answer 12

1. Anthropometry
2. Paleopathology
3. Osteology
4. Biocultural anthropology
5. Human adaptability
6. Forensic anthropology.

Question 13

Human Variation: Anthropometry

Answer 13

The study of modern human measurements (anthropo = human, metry = measure).

Question 14

Human Variation: Paleopathology

Answer 14

The study of ancient diseases.

Question 15

Human Variation: Osteology

Answer 15

The study of the skeleton and bones.

Question 16

Human Variation: Biocultural Anthropology

Answer 16

The study of how our cultural practices affect our biology.

Question 17

Human Variation: Human Adaptability

Answer 17

How humans adapt, vary, and change in different environments.

Question 18

Human Variation: Forensic Anthropology

Answer 18

The study of humans as relating to legal matters (forensic = the law).

Question 19

Ethnography vs. Ethnology

Answer 19

Ethnography:

• Has one (1) O, studies one cultural group.
• has field-work and is descriptive

Ethnology:

• has two (2) Os, studies two or more cultural groups.
• uses other people’s data to make comparisons. not always field-work.
• cross-cultural

Question 20

Non-controversial traits that define humans

Answer 20

1. Bipedalism (walking on two legs with a certain gait)
2. Non-honing canine (has smaller / less sharp canine tooth)
3. Domestication (controlling the life/breeding cycles of plants and animals to use them)

Question 21

CONTROVERSIAL traits that define humans

Answer 21

1. Speech (ability to talk about things that aren’t currently happening)
2. Material culture and tools
3. Complex hunting (using tools + cooperative strategies with planning/forethought).