EXAM 1 Flashcards
What percentage of disabling injuries are ocular per year?
4%
There are estimated _ eye injuries in the workplace every day. Prevent Blindness American states that as many as _% could be prevented from eye protection
2000; 90%
_% of 9 million disabling injuries occur at work, the majority occur WHERE?
2; outside of work (>50% at home)
when safety eyewear is needed, you must _
prescribe!!
4 occupational health responsibilities:
- prevent accidents
- prevent injury when accidents do occur
- treat and remediate injuries
- optimize performance
optometric occupational health services:
pre-employment evaluations, periodic exams, rehab and post injury care, evaluation of potential hazards, standards/policy determination, eye and health education
4 questions to ask at every exam:
- Why are you here?
- Do you see well?
- Are your eyes comfortable?
- Have you had any eye injury or surgery?
_ leads the exam
history
3 purpose of standards:
- consistent naming/nomenclature
- quality control
- protect patients/public
are ANSI standards law?
no, but they are recognized by courts
ASTM?
American Society for Testing and Materials - a yellow tag on their approved products
Clinical Care Standards: (4)
- supports decision making (CLs vs specs)
- Guidance on clinical protocols (lens material recommendation)
- support in lawsuit (topography for LASIK pt)
- updates on current trends/practices
MCOLES (CJ) exam: far AND near VA needs to be 1 of 2:
uncorrected 20/20 in each eye
corrected 20/20 in each eye
MCOLES requires testing and passing of which 2 color vision tests? Refractive correction is allowed, but any lens to support color perception is NOT.
- pseudoisochromatic plates (if pass plates, panal test not needed)
- Farnsworth dichotomous d-15 panel test
MCOLES: peripheral vision in each eye of _ degrees vertically, and _ degrees horizontally
90, 120
MCOLES: normal binocular vision is determines by testing and passing _
stereopsis test to 80’ or better
MCOLES: if 80’ of stereoacuity cannot be passed, further testing must be conducted to rule out _
diplopia
MCOLES: during health evaluation, make sure CJ pt is not wearing _
red CLs or other x-chrom lenses
for CJ exam, perform which 3 extra tests?
- color vision
- stereopsis
- visual fields
for CJ color vision: Ishihara 14 PIP: binocular or monocular? have patient wear _ illuminate test with MacBeth Illuminant C only, room lights _ give pt _ seconds to see plate give pt how many plates? _ errors is a fail
monocular gloves off 2-3 seconds all 14 plates 4 plates
for CJ stereopsis: Wirt Rings
must achieve _ ‘ or arc
if not, others tests to check for _
80
diplopia
for CJ visual field: automated 120 screening or FDT and confrontations
must have _ degrees vertically and _ degrees peripherally
90, 120
3 categories of visual factors while driving?
- driver
- vehicle
- environment
5 things to assess visual task/demand:
- job description
- task size
- working distance
- peripheral vision requirements
- visual attention
problem with LCD driving displays?
positive (black letters, white background)
negatie (white letters, black background)
often polarized
bright day = high contrast = moving fast perception
fog = low contrast = perception of moving slower = _
we speed up
UNRESTRICTED Michigan Driver’s License Requirements:
VA: _
VF horizontally: _
20/40 OU UNcorrected 140 degrees (110-139 if pt submits statement of exam from dr)
RESTRICTED (CORRECTIVE LENSES) license is _
same as unrestricted, but must wear corrective lenses
RESTRICTED (DAYTIME ONLY)
VA: _
VF: _
20/50-70 and no recognizable progressive ocular abnormalities
20/50-60 with recognizable progressive abnormalities
109-90 degrees
COMMERCIAL DRIVERS LICENSE (CDL): same as other requirements, plus _
color vision
if your patient fails driver’s license requirements, are you required to report?
no
if you choose to report to DMV, they cannot accept _ requests for driver evaluation
annonymous
_% on information ins driving is visual
90
CLs were initially thought to be hazardous
1978 - CLs were _
2004 - changed to _
banned from wearing in many industrial environments especially those with chemicals
“should not be worn” when working with chemicals
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Current Intelligence Bulletin 59
- CL use in _ environment
- safety guidelines to follow ^
chemical
reasons to wear CLs at work:
long term CL wearers may struggle with _ when switching between CLs and glasses
spatial adaptation
reasons to wear CLs at work:
if _ instruments are used
optical
reasons to wear CLs at work:
for occupations with _
respirators
CLs may be necessary to improve VA for job tasks:
what conditions?
keratoconus, cornea transplant, cosmetic
reasons to wear CLs at work:
high _ areas
humidity
reasons to wear CLs at work:
environments with _
vibration and high G forces
reasons to wear CLs at work:
CLs cause no _ limitation
visual field
considerations when rxing CLs for work: (3)
environmental conditions, limitations (bf, monovision, length of workday), emergency procedures (irrigate when in doubt, always have case and solution)
sports lenses to prevent contact with face/head:
ASTM F-803 (this is the most you can do)
