Exam 1

Question 1

RBC

Answer 1

Normal = 4.4-5.8

Question 2

Hemoglobin

Answer 2

Normal = 14-18

Question 3

WBC

Answer 3

Normal 5,000-10,000

Question 4

Neutrophils (WBC; Granulocyte)

Answer 4

55-70%

Question 5

Eosinophils (WBC; Granulocyte)

Answer 5

1-4%

Question 6

Basophils (WBC; Granulocyte)

Answer 6

0.5-1%

Question 7

Monocytes (WBC; Agranulocyte)

Answer 7

2-8%

Question 8

Lymphocyte (WBC; Agranulocyte)

Answer 8

20-40%

Question 9

Platelets

Answer 9

Normal = 150,000-400,000

Question 10

Blood Glucose

Answer 10

Normal = 70-126

Question 11

Hb A1C

Answer 11

Non-diabetics = less than 6.5%
Diabetics = <7% is good control
8-9% is fair control
>9% is poor control

Question 12

Hyponatremia

Answer 12

Sodium below 130

Question 13

Hypernatremia

Answer 13

Sodium above 145

Question 14

BUN

Answer 14

Normal = 8-18

Question 15

Echinacea

Answer 15

Weak evidence that it shortens colds by 1-2 days

Adverse reactions include fever, sore throat, diarrhea, N/V, abdominal pain and dry eyes

Should not be used with Hx of asthma or atopy, HIV/AIDS, TB, MS, autoimmune disorders, or when taking immunosuppressants

Question 16

Fish Oil

Answer 16

Studied for cardiac health and improving inflammatory conditions - lowers cholesterol and TG’s

Side effects include GI upset, belching, fishy taste, increased risk for bleeding >3g/day

Not recommended with diabetes or pre-diabetes, prevention of CHD, patients with CV risk, patients with recurrent AF to prevent stroke

Question 17

Garlic

Answer 17

Lowers LDL, TG, and total cholesterol

Lowers BP but no evidence

Lowers CV morbidity

Bad breath and body odor, increased flatulence, nausea, heartburn

Question 18

Gingko Biloba

Answer 18

Widely believe it benefits cognition in dementia with cognitive decline

No scientific evidence that it impacted cognitive impairment, memory, attention, language, visual-spatial ability, reduced dementia or Alzheimer’s

Side effects include high BP, intestinal upset, headache, palpitations, dizziness, muscle weakness, constipation

Question 19

St. John’s Wort

Answer 19

Self-treatment for depression, SAD, PMS

Could heighten suicide risk

Causes photosensitivity (wear sunscreen), hypomania with bipolar disorder, suicidal thoughts, HTN

Side effects – dermatitis, GI upset, restlessness, headache, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction

Question 20

Ginseng

Answer 20

Improve wellbeing and stress, immune function, mental performance, regulate menopause symptoms, treat ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, lower BP

Adverse effects: BP changes, insomnia, HA

Avoid with MAOI, phenelzine, corticosteroids, stimulants (caffeine included)

Question 21

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate

Answer 21

Support cartilage and connective tissue
For OA and joint health

May cause GI upset; take with food

Caution with shellfish allergy

Question 22

Saw Palmetto

Answer 22

Used for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Mild GI side effects

Don’t use with other drugs for BPH or prostate cancer