Exam 1

Question 1

Intravascular properties

Answer 1

• 6% body water
• Na+ - 140 mmol/L
• K+ - 4 mmol/L

Question 2

Interstitial properties

Answer 2

• 14% body water
• Na+ - 140 mmol/L
• K+ - 4 mmol/L

Question 3

Intracellular properties

Answer 3

• 40% body water
• Na+ - 8 mmol/L
• K+ - 151 mmol/L

Question 4

molarity

Answer 4

moles/L

Question 5

molality

Answer 5

moles/kg

Question 6

osmolarity

Answer 6

osm/L

dissolved particles/L

Question 7

osmolality

Answer 7

osm/kg

(dissolved particles/kg

Question 8

vant hoff factor

Answer 8

number of particles a molecule dissolves into

Question 9

Normal plasma osmolarity

Answer 9

275-295 mOsm/L

Question 10

ecf osmolarity

Answer 10

280-290 mOsm/L

Question 11

equivalents

Answer 11

millimoles * number of charges/molecule

Question 12

%

Answer 12

g/100mL

Question 13

normal urine output

Answer 13

1-2 mL/kg/hr

Question 14

oliguria

Answer 14

less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr

Question 15

mole

Answer 15

6.022 x 10^23 molecules

Question 16

molar mass

Answer 16

weight of 1 mole of a compound

Question 17

molecular weight

Answer 17

sum of atomic weight of all atoms

Question 18

hyperkalemia treatments

Answer 18

1) calcium gluconate
2) insulin
3) stop k+ solutions/K+ sparing drugs
4) bicarb (below 7.2 pH)

Question 19

calcium gluconate

Answer 19

• stabilizes myocytes

- prevents arrhythmia

Question 20

Insulin

Answer 20

• Lowers serum K+

- Shifts K+ into cells

Question 21

K+ holding drugs

Answer 21

• ACE inhibitors
• Beta blockers
• Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 22

Diabetic crisis

Answer 22

• high blood glucose -> excess diuresis

- depletes fluids, K+, and Na+

Question 23

treatment of diabetic crisis

Answer 23

• restore volume
• K+ supplementation
• insulin

Question 24

Bicarb dose

Answer 24

mEq = 0.15 (base deficit) (weight)

Question 25

KCl dose

Answer 25

mEq = (desired change) (TBV)

Question 26

CaCl dose

Answer 26

10mg/kg = 0.1 increase

Question 27

albumin

Answer 27

• not used for resuscitation

- treats edema

Question 28

resuscitation fluids

Answer 28

• RBC or FFP (not NaCl)

- 500 mL bolus

Question 29

Daily fluid maintenance requirements

Answer 29

-25-35 mL/kg/day

• 500 - 1000 mL of insensible losses
• 1000 - 1500 mL urine output

Question 30

early phase fluid shift following injury

Answer 30

• water is retained (ADH/aldosterone secretion)
• oliguria common after surgery
• negative charges lost (K+ shift)

Question 31

late phase fluid shift following injury

Answer 31

• anabolic - cells in sponge phase
• NA+ and H2O move into ECF
• K+ reuptake into cells