Exam 1

Question 1

What antibiotic targets transcription of a bacteria?

Answer 1

Rifampin

Question 2

Mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactams

Answer 2

1. ) Beta-lactamase production to degrade drug

2. ) Target site modification of PBP2A, encoded by mecA gene

Question 3

Complement can kill bacteria directly

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Streptococcus pyogenes, is ____ hemolytic & Group ____

Answer 4

Beta-hemolytic & Group A Strep

Question 5

Endotoxins

Answer 5

LPS, peptidoglycan, LTA (lipotechoic acids)

Question 6

Two drugs that need therapeutic drug monitoring?

Answer 6

Vancomycin - targets cell wall

Aminoglycosides - targets Protein synthesis

Question 7

Vancomycin kills _____ and is used to treat what resistant bacteria?

Answer 7

Gram-positive & MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)

Question 8

Inducible resistance

Answer 8

Chromosomally based - (common in Gram negative)

Question 9

Constitutive Resistance

Answer 9

Mobile genetic elements i.e plasmid, transpoon,

Example: erm genes causing methylation of ribosomes causing macrolide resistance

Question 10

Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) includes two groups:

Answer 10

S. Mutans Group: (s. mutans & S. sobrinus)

S. Anginosus Group: (S. Milleri & S. Intermedius_

Question 11

Viridans Group Streptococci(VGS) are a normal part of what microbiota

Answer 11

The oral cavity

Question 12

Streptococcus agalactiae is apart of which microbiota

Answer 12

GI tract and vagina

Question 13

What T-cells are activated by MHC Class II

Answer 13

CD4+ (helper T-cells)

Question 14

MHC Class I activates which T-cells

Answer 14

CD8+ (Killer T-cells)

Question 15

Is S. pneumoniae an intracellular or extracellular pathogen?

Answer 15

Extracellular (uses anti-phagocytic capsule which is an extracellular technique)

Question 16

Vaccines for S. Pneumoniae

Answer 16

PPSV23 - polysaccharide vaccine containing polysaccharides from capsules of 23 diff serotypes. Not intended for children <2

13vPCV - conjugate vaccine