exam 1 Flashcards
cis and trans isomers
differ between spatial arrangements due to flexibility of double bonds
hyrdrolysis
splits into two or more smaller molecules ang gains parts of water on broken ends
cause of sickle cell anemia
point mutation of a single nucleotide in the dna sequence of the glob in protein of hemoglobin
backbone of macromolecules of life
carbon atom
diff between compound and molecule
compound 2 elements/molecule 2 atoms
protein made of..
chains of amino acid
molecule of simple sugars
monsaccharide
macromolecule associated with dna and rna
nucleic acids
fatty acids are a component of what macromolecule
lipids
chemical bond stabilizes 3 dimensional shapes of nucleic genes and proteins
hydrogen bond
what type of chem bond stabilizes crystals of table salt
ionic bond
how are ions formed
gain or lose electron
what makes amino acids diff
r group
what is a peptide bond
chemical bond that forms between carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another amino acid. dehydration and synthesis
primary sequence of protein
peptide bond joins amino acid in a polypeptide
what structure with alpha helix and beta
secondary
what forms the quaternary structure of a protein
interactions between two or more folded polypeptides
why does heating up protein such as enzyme cause it to lose function
loses shape
why cant you reverse cook an egg
denaturing protein is not reversible
components of nucleotides
guanine, thymine, aedine, cytosine (GACT)
where is most dna found in a cell?
nucleus
what is genetics
segments of dna found on a chromosome
why do charged molecules have difficulty crossing a phospol and bilayer
too polar
whats inside a phospholipid bilayer allows proteions to move laterally
phospholipid molecule are not covalent bond to each other
eukaryotic cells have a…
nucleus (u-nu)
describe why eukaryotic cells being compartmentalized can make their metabolism complex
diff chem reactions can occur on isolation of each other
prokaryotic cells have..
membrane bound organelles
major component of plant cell way
cellucose
whats used to store energy in plant cells
startch
what is used to store energy in animal cells
glucose
where are proteins synthesized
endoplasmic reticulum
purpose of homeostasis
homeostasis involves control systems that keep you internal environment roughly constant in a state of dynamic equilibrium keeping internal environment constant.. if body temp is too high enzymes become denatured
where in eukaryotic cell does the citric acid cycle occur?
mitochondria
where in eukaryotic cells do photosyntheis occur
chloroplast
what occurs in strona
sugar is produced
what is a lysosome
membrane enclosed organelles containing enzymes and brekdown types of polymer get rid of virus and bacteria and digest food
