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Med Surg 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List some reproductive changes with aging of females

A

grey thin pubic hair, vaginal dryness, uterine atrophy, loss of tone in pelvic muscle

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2
Q

List some reproductive changes of aging with men

A

scrotal drooping, prostate enlargement

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3
Q

What will a low level of estriol indicate?

A

amenorrhea, impending miscarriage

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4
Q

what will a low level of progesterone indicate?

A

amenorrhea, ovarian neoplasm

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5
Q

what will a high level of progesterone indicate?

A

luteal cysts

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6
Q

What will a high level of testosterone indicate in a male?

A

possible tumor, hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

What will a low level of testosterone indicate in a male?

A

hypogonadism (not enough sperm)

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8
Q

What does a high level of testosterone in women indicate?

A

adrenal or ovarian neoplasm, polycystic ovary syndrome

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9
Q

What age do they recommend you begin Pap test?

A

annual at 21 years, then every 3 years

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10
Q

3-d magnification and illumination. inspection of cervical epithelium, vagina and vulvar epithelium

A

colposcopy

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11
Q

direct examination of pelvic cavity, to discover ovarian disorders and pelvic masses

A

laparoscopy

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12
Q

What is the greatest discomfort during a laparoscopy?

A

referred shoulder pain

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13
Q

Examination of pelvic cavity through the vagina

A

hysteroscopy

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14
Q

small “punch” sample taken from the cervix

A

cervical biopsy

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15
Q

catheter inserted into the uterus through the vagina to remove cells from the uterine lining

A

endometrial biopsy

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16
Q

PSA

A

normal to have some in blood, high levels can indicate prostate cancer

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17
Q

non invasive cancer of the breast duct

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

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18
Q

non invasive cancer of the breast lobe

A

lobular carcinoma in situ

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19
Q

what is the most common type of breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma ( spread to breast tissue)

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20
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer

A

increased age, BRCA 1 or 2, early menses, late menopause, hormone therapy, oral contraceptives, lack of breast feeding, first child after 30

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21
Q

When should you start screening for mammogram?

A

age 45, yearly - age 55 every other year

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22
Q

what is oophorectomy?

A

removal of ovaries–> leads to menopause

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23
Q

removal of entire tumor

A

lumpectomy

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24
Q

removal of part of the breast that contains cancer and some tissue

A

partial mastectomy

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25
Q

entire breast removed

A

total mastectomy

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26
Q

entire breast, some lymph nodes and part of chest wall

A

modified radical mastectomy

27
Q

DIEP flap surgery

A

takes skin and fat off abdomen- as opposed to muscle and placed into breast tissue

28
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

abnormal buildup of fluid in the limb

29
Q

most common type of benign breast disorder

A

fibroadenoma

30
Q

benign slow growing tumors that cause heavy vaginal bleeding

A

leiomyomas

31
Q

how is leiomyoma diagnosed?

A

transvaginal ultrasound

32
Q

nonsurgical management to manage bleeding for leiomyoma

A

uterine artery embolism

33
Q

total hysterectomy

A

uterus and cervix

34
Q

subtotal hyterectomy

A

just uterus

35
Q

pan hysterectomy

A

uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes

36
Q

radical hysterectomy

A

uterus, cervix, nodes, upper third of vagina and surrounding tissues

37
Q

bladder prolapse

A

cystocele

38
Q

rectal prolapse

A

rectocele

39
Q

the most common type of uterine cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

40
Q

what brings people in with uterine cancer?

A

post menopausal bleeding

41
Q

what is ovarian cancer often called?

A

silent killer

42
Q

What chemo combo is used for ovarian cancer?

A

cisplatin /carboplatin(IV OR IP)- assess for bleeding

43
Q

What is the classic symptom of invasive cervical cancer?

A

PAINLESS bleeding

44
Q

Treatments for cervical cancer

A

hysterectomy, LEEP, cryotherapy, conization, radiation

45
Q

What age do you begin getting the HPV vaccine?

A

9-14 years (2 doses)

46
Q

inflammation of the lower gential tract

A

vulvovaginitis

47
Q

What can BPH cause?

A

can cause lower urinary tract symptoms

48
Q

What are symptoms of LUTS

A

voiding obstructive symptoms- hesitancy , weak stream, urinary retention

49
Q

low level radio frequency transmitted through the prostate via a trans uretheral needle delivery system

A

TUNA

50
Q

removes portions of the prostate gland through the penis by using a resectescope

A

TURP

51
Q

What is the biggest risk after a TURP

A

hemmorhage

52
Q

bright red or ketchup

A

arterial bleeding

53
Q

burgundy blood

A

venous bleeding

54
Q

second most common type of cancer in men

A

prostate cancer

55
Q

normal PSA level

A

under 4

56
Q

what is important to tell patients on sildenafil not to take

A

nitrates

57
Q

most common STI in the US, acute, recurring, incurable

A

herpes

58
Q

STI that can become systemic and cause serious complications including death

A

syphilis

59
Q

single, small papillary growth, may grow into large cauliflower like masses

A

genital warts

60
Q

abnormal vaginal discharge, severe abdomen pain, pain in urethra, discharge in the rectum

A

chlamydia

61
Q

what is the treatment for chlamydia

A

single dose of azithromycin or a week of doxy

62
Q

treatment for gonorrhea

A

single dose ceftriaxone IM plus azithromycin or doxy

63
Q

symtpoms : lower or abdominal pelvic pain

A

PID

64
Q

treatment for syphillis

A

penicilin G ( single IM dose)

Med Surg 2 (3 decks)

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