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Chemistry > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Law of Definite proportions

A

a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio and does not depend on its source and method of preparation.

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2
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

same pair of elements form more than one compound

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3
Q

Modern atomic theory

Law of conservation of mass

A

in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed

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4
Q

Daltons Atomic theory

A

each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles

all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties

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5
Q

Discovery of electron

A

Late 1800s JJ Thompson

cathode ray tube

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6
Q

Milikan oil drop experiment

A

By comparing applied electric force with changes in the motion of the oil drops, he was able to determine the electric charge on each drop.

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7
Q

Nuclear theory

A
  1. most of the atoms mass and all of its positive charge were contained in a small core called nucleus
  2. most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny negatively charged e- are dispersed
  3. there are as many protons as e-, so that is neutral
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8
Q

Isotopes

A

different number of neutrons

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9
Q

cation

A

Positive ion

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10
Q

anion

A

negative ion

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11
Q

wavelength

A

distance between 2 consecutive peaks or troughs

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12
Q

frequency

A

of waves that pass a given point in a space per second

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13
Q

energy scale

A

gamma -highest

radio - lowest

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14
Q

frequency + wavelength

A

inverse

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15
Q

energy + wavelength

A

inverse

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16
Q

frequency + energy

A

direct

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17
Q

photoelectric effect

A

e- are emitted from the surface of a metal when light strikes it

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18
Q

Bohr model

A

the electrons in the H atom moves around the nucleus only in certain allowed circular orbits

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19
Q

quantized

A

only certain orbits allowed

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20
Q

n

A

size and energy

- quantum number

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21
Q

L

A

angular momentum

shape

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22
Q

emission

A

down arrow

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23
Q

absorption

A

up arrow

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24
Q

ml

A

magnetic quantum number

orbital orientaion

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25
Q

ms

A

spin quantum number

1/2,-1/2

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26
Q

pauli exclusion principle

A

in a given atom no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers

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27
Q

Hunds Rule

A

the lowest energy configuration of an atom is the one having the maximum number of unpaired electrons allowed by the pauli principle in aparticular set of deregulate orbitals

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28
Q

Atomic size

A

left to right, decrease

down, increase

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29
Q

ionization and electronegativity

A

left to right, increase

down, decrease

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30
Q

as the number of bonds increases between two atoms, bond __ decreases

A

length

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31
Q

as the number of bonds increases between two atoms, bond __ increases

A

strength

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32
Q

ionic bond

A

metal and nonmetal

attraction from oppositely charged particles, ions

33
Q

Coulombs law

A

2.31x10^-19

34
Q

Linus pauling

A

F>O>N, Cl~Br~C,S,I~H,P

35
Q

if separated by 1 ~

A

non polar

36
Q

Separated by 2 or more ~

A

polar

37
Q

nonmetals __ electrons

A

gain

38
Q

metals ___ electrons

A

lose

39
Q

mercury

A

Hg2 +2

40
Q

NH4 +

A

ammonium

41
Q

NO2 -

A

nitrite

42
Q

NO3 -

A

nitrate

43
Q

SO3 -2

A

sulfite

44
Q

SO4 -2

A

sulfate

45
Q

HSO4 -

A

hydrogen sulfate

bisulfate

46
Q

OH-

A

hydroxide

47
Q

CN-

A

cyanide

48
Q

PO4

A

phosphate

49
Q

CO3 -2

A

carbonate

50
Q

HCO3 -

A

hydrogen carbonate

bicarbonate

51
Q

ClO-

A

hypochlorate

52
Q

ClO2 -

A

chlorite

53
Q

ClO3 -

A

chlorate

54
Q

ClO4

A

perchlorate

55
Q

CH3COO -

A

acetate, C2H3O2-

56
Q

MnO4-

A

permanegate

57
Q

O2 -2

A

peroxide

58
Q

NO

A

nitric acid

59
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

Br I N Cl H O F

60
Q

HNO3

A

nitric acid

61
Q

HNO2

A

nitrous acid

62
Q

H2SO4

A

sulfuric acid

63
Q

H2SO3

A

sulfurous acid

64
Q

HClO

A

hypochlorous acid

65
Q

HClO2

A

chlorous acid

66
Q

HClO4

A

perchloric acid

67
Q

ClO

A

hypochlorite

68
Q

charge of electron

A

-1.602x10^-19

69
Q

why do chemical bonds form?

A

try to get to lowest possible energy

70
Q

isoelectronic ions

A

ions containing the same number of electrons usually based on a noble gas

71
Q

which is bigger, anion or cation?

A

anion

72
Q

exceptions

A

chromium, copper, silver, gold

73
Q

light behaves as a __ and a __

A

wave, particle

74
Q

nano

A

10^-9

75
Q

micro

A

10^-6

76
Q

milli

A

10^-3

77
Q

kilo

A

10^3

78
Q

kelvin

A

c + 273.15

Chemistry (4 decks)

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