Exam 1 Flashcards
Thomas Kuhn
Coined the term “Paradigm Shifts” which means a fundamental change in approach or underlying assumption
Scientific Revolutions: The Kuhn Cycle
Prescience into the cycle: normal science/ central paradigm to a drift from the model to a crisis in the model to a new paradigm which becomes the normal science and continues the cycle. First results that fail to conform to the paradigm are considered the researchers fault.
Experts Need these 3 things
- Credentials 2. Consensus 3. Communication
Dr. Gregory Cajete
Native Science Natural laws of interdependence
Indigenous thought: Axiology
Value lies in balance of relations
Indigenous thought: Epistemology
Observing, doing, making, symbolizing, rhythm, ritual, and ceremony
Indigenous thought: Logic
All elements and beings of the multiverse are linked together
Indigenous thought: Process
Working with the understanding that all things are dependently interrelated in the harmony and balance of the multiverse.
First Sights: Native Science
A product of a different creative journey than western science. Metaphor for native knowledge. The stories of the world that include creative ways for living and participating in relationship with the world through processes for “seeking life, relationship and meaning”.
The Creative context of seeking life: Dynamic creativity
both the ordering principle and process of the universe. Includes both an implicate and explicate order that is in constant flux and dynamic activity. Chaos in order, order in chaos, complex adaptive systems and fractal processes are expression of this dynamic principle
Sense, Perception and creative Participation: An indigenous “Physicist”
not only observes the world but participates in it with all of their sensual being. Everything in nature is “alive” with energy
Goal of nature science
becoming open to the natural world with all of one’s senses, body, mind and spirit.
The metaphoric mind or “nature mind”
has been evolving in human beings for over 3 million years with its greatest evolution occurring 70,000 years ago in the paleolithic era
How native science works
works with the rational and metaphoric mind simultaneously. Its processes are tied to creativity, perception, image, physical sensing, and intuition.
How the “nature” mind reveals itself
Through abstract symbols, visual/spiritual reasoning, sound, kinesthetic expression, and various forms of creative, ecological, integrative, and spiritual thinking.
“native” mind
expressed in story, art, song, dance, ritual, music, community, hunting, fishing, farming, healing, architecture, and astronomies
Art as
Knowledge gathering, ceremony, and transformation. Preparation, adherence to natural patterns, polychromatic time, right place, right intent, intrinsic well-practiced belief, packing a symbol, vigil, completion, give away, and appreciation of intrinsic meaning
Tenets of native philosophy
Spiritual agency, perpetual dynamic multi-dimensional harmony, all knowledge related to the creation/ perpetuation of the natural world, everything has a spirit, all is related, everything and everyplace has a role, mutual-reciprocity, history, listening, dialogues, appropriate technology, context, dreams, patterns, cycles, elders, ritual, knowledge initiation, story, observe and renew life
Dr. Carolyn Roberts
Book project: to heal and to harm: medicine, knowledge, and power in the Atlantic slave trade
Migrant ethnobotany
Majoe bitters, picramnia antidesma, bitter root, Quassia Amara
Lulu Wilson
Former slave, nurse
Misgender
Using the wrong pronouns or gender specific words when referring to someone, especially a trans person
Cisgender
Someone whose gender identity matches that of the sex they were assigned at birth.
Spin doctors
Spread misinformation and confusion among American citizens to delay progression on such important issues as global climate change
Opponents of Nuclear energy
Ralph Nader and Dr. Helen Caldicott
Proponents of Nuclear energy
Bill Gates: Terra power
Dr. James Hanson: Climate scientist for nuclear energy
Walt Disney: Opened Tomorrow land in Disney which showed how nuclear energy could work in the future. Was going to make Epcot a city fueled by nuclear power.
“Atoms for peace” (1953)
President Eisenhower to the UN general assembly. Trying to erase the bad name on nuclear power and to use it for clean energy.
International Thermonuclear experimental reactor
In France
Nuclear waste into the sun
Too risky if spacecraft launch fails. By 2020, 77,000 lbs of spent nuclear fuel rods. Easy to miss the sun if we launched it.
NIMBYism
not in my back yard. People in favor of nuclear plants but not near them.
Atoms
Made of electrons (-), protons (+), and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are in the center in a nucleus and are bonded strongly. Breaking this bond by shooting neutrons at it, releases lots of energy.
Nuclear Fission
Splitting a heavier atom into 2 smaller atoms
Nuclear Fusion
Joining two of more hydrogen atoms to create one helium atom. Release neutrons and lots or energy. Several times more energy than fission.
Atomic Bombs (A-bombs)
Fission bombs
Hydrogen Bombs (H-bombs)
Fusion Bombs
Hiroshima
“Little Boy”, leveled 5 miles squared of city. Killed 90,000 ppl on impact. 10s of thousands died after from radiation
Nagasaki
“Fat Man” killed 40,000 ppl on impact, many more by radiation.
The trinity test
First atomic bomb ever detonated
The Manhattan project
Lead by Physicist Robert Oppenheimer to develop nuclear weapons
Szilard petition
Signed by 70 Manhattan project scientist concerned by the use of nuclear weapons. Never reached Truman
Langston Hughes
Argued that Truman was racially motivated to bomb Japan and not the majority white Nazi Germany.
