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Physiological Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells of the Nervous System

A
  1. neurons

2. glial cells

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2
Q

neurons

A

receive and transmit electrochemical signals

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3
Q

glial cells

A

various types, provide a wide variety of supportive functions

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4
Q

what are the 3 components to a neuron

A
  1. cell body or soma
  2. dendrites
  3. axon
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5
Q

Neurons _____ info across small spaces, _____ receives info

A

send; dendrites

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6
Q

cell body/soma

A

contains genetic material in nucleus, providing nutrients that cell needs

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7
Q

dendrites

A

receive info from adjacent neurons, membrane has receptors where info is transferred

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8
Q

axon

A
  1. transmits info into nearby neurons
  2. thin fiber of constant diameter, only 1 per neuron
  3. at end of axon: presynaptic terminals
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9
Q

several axons running together

A

nerve (when outside the brain) or tract (when inside the brain)

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10
Q

presynaptic terminals

A

the point at which neurotransmitters are released and signal is passed to another neuron

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11
Q

synapse

A

gap between adjacent neurons through which signals are sent (space between neurons)

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12
Q

three types of neurons

A
  1. sensory neurons
  2. interneurons
  3. motor neurons
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13
Q

sensory neurons

A

convey sensory info to brain

- bring sensory info from body to brain (what we see, hear, etc.)

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14
Q

interneurons

A

carry out operations involved in thought, feeling, and planning action

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15
Q

motor neurons

A

transmit commands out into the body to control muscles and organs

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16
Q

afferent

A

bring info into a structure (the brain) (admission)

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17
Q

efferent

A

carry info away from a structure (exit)

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18
Q

Glia

A

provide important roles

serve as a support system

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19
Q

types of glia

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. microglia
  3. oligodendrocytes
  4. schwann cells
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20
Q

astrocytes

A

largest, many functions

- humans have 1.4x astrocytes per neuron

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21
Q

microglia

A

involved in response to injury/disease
smallest
increase in microglia in altzheimers

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22
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

responsible for producing myelin, in brain/spinal cord

23
Q

schwann cells

A

responsible for producing myelin, rest of nervous system

24
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

immune system attacks the myelin surrounding axons, death of oligodendrocytes
- sensory info isnt getting in because myelin isnt sending info to motor neurons, signaling speed is low
(demyelination of axons)

25
Q

grey matter

A

cell bodies (and dendrites), generally outside of brain

26
Q

white matter

A

axons (generally outside the brain)

27
Q

the central nervous system

A

outer service is cortex = mostly the cell bodies of neurons
includes the brain and spinal cord
2nd part is peripheral nervous system

28
Q

2nd part is peripheral nervous system

A
  • nervous tissue outside the skull and spine
  • serves to bring info into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS
  • somatic
29
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

somatic, system out of the body, conveys sensory info into CNS from body
- conveys motor commands from CNS to muscles
cranial nerves
bell’s palsy
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

30
Q

cranial nerves

A

movement in different areas

- some bring in sensory info, eye movement, tongue, neck

31
Q

bell’s palsy

A

swelling compression of the 7th cranial nerve on one side

- twitching, paralysis, drooling, drooping eyelid/mouth

32
Q

somatic nervous system

A 
afferent nerves (sensory)
efferent nerves (motor)
33
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves -> generally have opposite effects
- both are efferent
- sympathetic: “fight/flight” (controlling internal organs)
parasympathetic nerves rest and restore, rest and digest, slow down heart, when you’re not stressed

34
Q

spinal cord

A 
neurons in central nervous system don't come back
- cell bodies don't come back
cervical spinal cord
thoracic spinal cord
lumbar
sacral
35
Q

thoracic spinal cord

A

branches out to torso and inner arms

36
Q

lumbar

A

fronts of legs

37
Q

sacral

A

backs of legs and genetalia

38
Q

spinal cord injury

A

football player kevin everett was initially paralyzed from shoulders down, spine fractures but spinal cord not severed

39
Q

gyrus

A

ridges/grooves

40
Q

fissure

A

large groove (separates the brain)

41
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral cortext

  • lateral fissure: groove that separates the frontal and temporal lobes
  • central fissure/sulcus: a groove that separates the frongal and parietal lobes
  • longitudinal fissure: a groove that separates left from right side
  • corpus callosum: connects 2 hemispheres
42
Q

4 lobes of cerebral cortex

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. temporal
  4. occipital
43
Q

frontal

A

motor function, decision making

- prefrontal: higher executive functioning (ex. emotional regulation)

44
Q

lobotomies

A

1940s and 1950s

disconnect prefrontal cortex from rest of the brain

45
Q

parietal

A

somatosensory, sensation of our body, responsibility in touch

46
Q

temporal

A

auditon, emotion

47
Q

occipital

A

vision

48
Q

Subcortical Structures of the Telencephalon

A

limbic system, basal ganglia

49
Q

limbic system

A

feeding, fighting, fleeing, fucking

includes hippocampus, mammillary bodies, amygdala, fornix, cingulate cortex septum

50
Q

basal ganglia

A

motor

51
Q

Diencephalon

A

helps us use senses together
thalamus; sensory nuclei
hypothalamus: motivated behaviors, control hormone release

52
Q

mesencephalon

A

audition, vision, analgesia, sensorimotor

53
Q

metencephalon

A

pons, cerebellum, coordination

Physiological Psychology (1 decks)

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