Exam 1 Flashcards
Deciduous Mandibular Central Incisor comes in when?
6 months
**First primary teeth appears in dentition about
6 months
Newly primary teeth form prenatally at 14 weeks called
tooth bud forming
Deciduous teeth are completed postnatally at what age?
3 years of age
Transition (mixed dentition)
in which there is a mixture of deciduous (baby) and succedaneous
(permanent) teeth present.
When does transition/mixed dentition end?
11-12 years old. Ends when all the deciduous teeth have been shed.
Succedaneous
used to describe a successor dentition
Are molars succedaneous teeth?
NO
What numbering system is used in dentistry?
Universal
Primary Maxillary teeth, beginning with the right second molar, number them
letters A through J
Primary mandibular teeth, beginning with the left mandibular second molar, number them
letters K through T
The crown is covered with
enamel
the root portion is covered with
cementum
The crown and root join at the
CEJ *cemento-enamel junction
CEJ *cemento-enamel junction is also called
cervical line
The main bulk of the tooth is composed of
dentin
Hard tissues are
enamel, dentin, cementum
pulp chamber is in
crown portion mainly
pulp canal
is in the root
Pulp is hard/soft tissue
soft
What does pulp do?
furnishes the blood and nerve supply
alveolar process
That portion of the jaw serving as support for the tooth
alveolus
The bone of the tooth socket
Surfaces in incisors and canine is what kind of ridge
4 surfaces in 1 ridge
Premolars and molars have how many surfaces?
5
**Labial
toward the lips are called labial surfaces in incisors and canine (anteriors ONLY)
buccal
In the premolars and molars only, those facing the cheek (posterior ONLY)
**Labial and buccal surfaces are what kind of surfaces?
Facial surfaces
occlusal surfaces
biting edge surfaces (posterior teeth)
incisal surfaces
Edge of anterior teeth.
Periodontal ligament
fibrous attachment of the tooth cementum to alveolar bone
Gingiva
“gums”, fibrous tissue covered by a mucous membrane, covers alveolar process and
surrounds the necks of the teeth.
cusp
an elevation on the (enamel) , making up the occlusal
surfaces. Only found on posterior teeth.
tubercle
a smaller elevation on some portion of the crown produced by an extra formation of
enamel
cingulum
the lingual lobe of an anterior tooth (incisor). It makes up the bulk of the cervical
third of the lingual surface.
ridge
linear elevation of enamel. Ridges are found on all teeth* and all teeth have 2 marginal
ridges**
Marginal ridges
rounded borders of the enamel that form the mesial
or distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, as well as incisal surfaces of anterior
teeth (*remember, found on ALL teeth)
Triangular ridges
descend from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars toward the
*central part of the *occlusal surfaces
transverse ridge
the union/ combination of *two triangular ridges (buccal and lingual side)
crossing transversely the surface of a posterior tooth
oblique ridge
a ridge crossing obliquely the occlusal surfaces of maxillary 1st molars as
elevation. Formed by the union of the triangular ridge of the DB cusp and ML cusp*
Cusp ridge:
every cusp have 4 ridges that extend from the cusp tip to 4 directions (mesial, distal,
buccal and lingual)
fossa
is an irregular depression or “concavity” or deep valley.
Central fossae
on the occlusal surface of molars.
Lingual fossa:
located on the lingual surface of incisor teeth, depression
Triangular fossae
found on molars and premolars on the occlusal mesial or distal ridges.
sulcus
long depression or valley in the surface of a tooth between ridges and cusps, the
inclines of which meet at an angle.
developmental groove
a shallow groove or line between the primary parts of the crown or
root. Union of 2 lobes
supplemental groove,
less distinct, is also a shallow linear depression on the surface of a tooth,
but it is supplemental to a developmental groove (kind of like branching of it). have wrinkled
appearances
Pits
small pinpoint deepest depressions located at the junction of developmental grooves or at
terminals of those grooves. For example, central pit is a term used to describe a landmark in the
central fossa of molars
lobe
one of the primary sections of formation in the development of the crown. Usually seen
only in deciduous teeth. Cusps and mamelons are representative of lobes.
mamelon
any one of the three rounded protuberances found on the incisal ridges of newly
erupted incisor teeth. Considered to be a feature of the permanent incisors,
Cuspal Gothic Pyramid
- Mesial cusp ridge
- Distal cusp ridge
- Buccal cusp ridge
- Lingual or triangular cusp ridge
LINES ANGLE:
formed by the junction of two surfaces and from the combination of the two surfaces
that join.
Example of lines angle
on an anterior tooth, the junction of the mesial and labial surfaces is called the
mesiolabial line angle.
POINT ANGLE:
junction of three surfaces
The point angles of the anterior teeth are
mesiolabioincisal -mesiolinguoincisal
- distolabioincisal -distolinguoincisal
The point angles of the posterior teeth are
mesiobucco-occlusal -mesiolinguo-occlusal
- distobucco-occlusal -distolinguo-occlusal
1st Mandibular molar is the
6 years molar
cusp of carabelli ONLY on
1st max molar
Variability
“normal” morphology and variability in a
functional, esthetic, and statistical sense
Malformations
Dental anomalies most often seen in 3rd molars, max
laterals, mandibular 2nd premolars
Dental lamina
epithelial thickening in area
where teeth will form
Bud stage how many teeth appear?
20 buds appear
Cap stage
invagination; looks like a cap
Bell stage
more invagination, can see crown
form, DEJ.
Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS)
increasing # of epithelial cells located at the
cervical loop of the enamel organ in a
developing tooth
Permanent dentition completed when?
By 25 counting 3rd molar
Primary teeth calcification begins in
13-16 weeks
all teeth have begun to calcify at what age
18-20 weeks
Primary crown formation takes
____ years from initial
calcification to root completion
2-3 years
Sometimes infants born with
Mandibular lateral incisors
Sequence of eruptionnprimary
Central incisor Lateral incisor 1st molar Canine 2nd molar
Early loss of Primary teeth may lead to
Lack of space for permanent dentition
Some primary teeth in use until about
12yrs Old
Premature loss of primary teeth, retention of primary teeth,
congenital absence of teeth, dental anomalies, and
insufficient space play a role in the
initiation and
development of abnormal occlusion.
How many teeth in permanent dentition?
32
How many teeth in primary dentition?
20
Permanent incisors, canines, and premolars called
Succedaneous teeth
General rule is
mandibular permanent teeth erupt before
maxillary
Permanent teeth erupt by
causing resorption of the primary
tooth’s root which becomes loose and is exfoliated
2nd molar erupts at about
12 yrs
3rd molars erupt at about
17 yrs
Tooth size mostly depends
Genetics
Dental Pulp-connective tissue contains
Arteries Veins Lymphatic system Nerves Apical foramen-opening at the apex
Dental age
Based on formation or eruption of teeth
Maxillary molars have how many roots?
3
FDI NUMBERING SYSTEM
The first digit in the number is related to the quadrant (UR=1)(UL=2)(LR=3)(LL=4) and the second digit refers to the number of teeth back. For example UR first molar is #16.
Palmer Method
Split into 4 quadrants (UL,UR,LR,LL) and then split down midline. Numbering 1-8 each quadrant. Ortho method.
Do anterior teeth have cusp?
No, they have incisal edges
Primary dentition formula
I 2/2, C 1/1, M 2/2=10
What to. Remember about dentition formula?
Only on one side, so you have to double the #
Permanent dentition formula
I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3=16. remember to double #
4 teeth that have mesial surfaces that contact are
Max and mand central incisors
Trifurnication
3 roots
What is found on all teeth
Marginal ridges
Primary Mandibular Central incisors eruption age
6-10 months
Primary Maxillary Central incisors eruption age
10 months
Primary Maxillary Lateral incisor
11 months
Primary Mandibular lateral incisor
13 months
Primary Maxillary First molar eruption age
16 months
Primary Max/Mand Canines
19 months
Primary Second molars eruption age
27 months
Permanent First Molars eruption age
6-7 years
Permanent Mandibular Central
6-7 years
Perm Mand laterals
7-8 years
Perm Max centrals
7-8 years
Perm Max lateral
8-9 years
Perm Mandibular Canine
9-10 years
Perm Mand and Max 1st Premolars
10-11 years
Perm Mand and Max 2nd premolars
11-12 years
Perm Max canine
12 years
Perm second molar
12 years
Perm third molar
17-21 years
