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GIS > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Datum?

A

A mathematical model which estimates the shape of a spheroid

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2
Q

Planar/azimuthal

A

Flat piece of paper

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3
Q

Cylindrical

A

Cylinder (up and down, around equator)

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4
Q

Transverse cylindrical

A

Cylinder (side to side, around prime meridian)

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5
Q

Conic

A

Cone

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6
Q

Tangent

A

around globe

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7
Q

secant

A

within globe

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8
Q

Standard Parallels

A

Lines where there are no distortion, where projection touches the globe. (Cylindrical and conic)

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9
Q

Mercator

A 
Surface is cylindrical
tangent to globe
best at mapping distances and direction
distortion greatest at polar regions
Projection is conformal
Used for navigation
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10
Q

Transverse Mercator

A

Projection is cylindrical
tangent to meridian
best at mapping distance, direction, shape, and area
Further from 15 degrees, greater distortion
Conformal
Used for mapping north south areas that are large

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11
Q

Lambert Conformal Conic

A

Projection surface is conic
secant to globe
best at distance along standard parallels
Distortion greatest away from standard parallels
Projection conformal
Used for topographic maps

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12
Q

Albers Equal Area

A

Projection surface is conic
secant to globe
Best at mapping areas
distortion greatest away from standard parallels

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13
Q

Robinson

A 
Projection surface orthophanic
secant to earth
best at distances and directions
distortion greatest at and around poles
used in atlases
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14
Q

Geographic Coordinate system

A

Degrees, minutes, seconds
Not a true grid
Coordinate system for a globe
Latitude and Longitude

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15
Q

UTM

A 
Universal Transverse Mercator
Transverse mercator projection
Tangent along meridian
Earth soil into 60 zones
Each zone is 6 degrees in width
each zone is its own coordinate system
Units are meters
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16
Q

State Plane Coordinate System

A

Each state divided into its own coordinate system
Horizontal uses Lambert conformal conic
vertical uses transverse mercator
Units are feet

17
Q

Public Land Survey System

A

Township (North to South)
Range (East to West) lines every 6 miles from initial point
Townships = 36 sections
section = 1 mile squared

18
Q

1 mile squared

A

640 acres

19
Q

7 map elements

A 
neat line
map figure
legend
north arrow
source block
Title
Scale
20
Q

Nominal

A

Qualitative data (streams, roads, trees)

21
Q

Ordinal

A

Differentiation by class or rank

22
Q

Interval

A

ordinal or rank data with values

based on arbitrary scale (temperature)

23
Q

Ration

A

Ordinal or rank data with values
based on absolute scale
zero is not arbitrary
(population, age)

24
Q

Portions of EM spectrum that we use in remote sensing

A

the visible
the infrared
the microwave/radar

25
Q

Black and White Infrared

A

700-900nm

26
Q

7 principles of photo interpretation

A 
size
shape
shadow
tone/color
texture
pattern
site-association

GIS (1 decks)

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