Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

Kangxi, Youngzheng, Qianlong

Answer 1

* 3 Leaders of the 130 year Qing(Pure) Empire Dynasty * Imjihn war led Ming to seek Qing asisstance(Manchu/Korea) * led to 40 conquest * Ming terr * taiwan * mongolia * Starts when Manchus attaked Beijing Cap(Emperor Suicide) * B/C of Chaotic imperial Ming Govt * Manchu Led -NEastern of Great Wall * Nomadic Ancestors * Ming Style Governance * **Kangxi 1662-1722(50 Year)** * CHILD emperor (execute regent) * Treaty of Nerchinsk w/ Russia * Refused Macartney trade proposal doesnt need: * no export needed * no europe tech and innova * No diplomacy * **Youngzheng 1723-1735(12 Year)** * **Qianlong 1736-1795(60 Years)** * All maintained Stable Govt * Imported american food * Sever Population increase * Forbid intermarriage of Chinese and Manchus * Manchus * Buddism * Refuse foot binding * Western Europeans = SEA Barbarians

Answer 2

* **MING (BRIGHT)** * Replaced Yuan Dynasty(Mongols) Mid 14th * Brought back China to Concept **MIDDLE KINGDOM** * Ideal Empire and Superior * **SON OF HEAVEN** * Sacred Imperial title for Mandate of Heaven * **Zhu Yuanzhang** led following Mongol collapse * Younger brothers to Son of Heaven * Europeans * Exotic, Innovation and their interest in their own god * Outter Barbarian * Foreiners * Inner Barbarians * Japanese and Central Asians * Government corruption * Labor protests * Rapid Urban growth led to: * Price inflation * Flooding of silver deflation * Climate change * Little ice age Result: * low temps * long winters * epidemics * Galdan restores mongolia * Manchus - Korean * Frequent looting * **Wanli Emeror 2nd Son of Heaven** * Poor emperor/ more corruption * Imjin War * Led to Manchus claiming china * start of 40 year conquest * Ming territories * Taiwain * Mongolia * Led the MING to seek assistance from: * Machus/Korea * **Qing Empire. (PURE) late 17th to late 18th** * First Kangxi (16 years old) * Feared Galdan(Mongol) russian alliance * Leads to Treaty of Nerchinsk * ONE European trade point CANTON * TEA, CHA, TE! * wouldnt loosen export restrictions * Refusal of Macartney Mission (trade Proposal) * China becoming obsolete * 3X population increase * Social issues * job market bad * Enviromental issues * Severe flooding * Land erossion * Gov't Corruption increasing * Gov't revenue decreasing * All of this shows Europe: * China is Vulnerable!

Answer 3

* Theological Rebellion against Roman Papacy(pope in Charge) * Renaissance reoriented Man * Move toward more secular life(Non religious) * Critisicm of Chirstian commenwealth led by papacy * Criticized by two men * German Martin Luther(Lutheran) - Criticized * Sale of Indulgences * Secularization among clergy * authority of Roman Pope * Veneration of Mary and Saints * French John Calvin(Calvinism) * Presbyterians, Puritans, Anababist, Anglicans * All led to political exploitation and war across Europe * Division of Christendom * Catholic Europe * Protestant Europe * Wars Ensued ove rdenominations and King Powers * Netherlands 80 Years' War/Dutch Revolt * France: War of 3 Henrys * Germanic States: 30 Years' War * Habsburgs Land Holdings * Austria * Netherlands * E. France * E. Spain, Sardinia, Naples, Sicily * W. Spain * Hungary * **Peace of Westphalia** * Gives powers to state over Church * Ended Hapsburg rule(No Money) * Can now rule within borders * German States Of HolyRomanEmpire Soverin * **Creation of 5 Major Powers (PBARF)** * Prussia * Britain * Austria * Russia * France * **Dissolving Powers(SONS**) * Spain * Ottoman Empire * Netherlands * Sweden

Answer 4

* **NATIVES** * Numerous Spirits-Impersonal Cosmic Force * Iroquois-**ORENDA** * Algonquian-**MANITOU** * Relataions with anything dead * Spirits contnrolled cosmic forces * SHAMANS * Knowledge based on * Ceremonies and abilities * Manipulate spirits gave them prestige * Inclusive Mentality * People Could Be FORGIVEN * ACCEPTED European Christianity * **FRENCH ROMAN CATHOLIC** * Trinitarianism - Father son and Holy Spirit * GOD is all powerful * God Created Humans * **Humans superior** to other living things * Indirect Relations w/ God * Faith * Prayer * Sacraments * Bilble * Emphacize Bible Mastery * PRIESTS * Status * KNowledge * Literacy/Education * Ability to Convert NON CATHOLICS * Pursuit of Salvation * Shunning Evil and SIN * Exclusive Mentaliy * Bilble is SINGLE and ONLY truth * People can be Forgiven * Shunned NATIVE Ceremony * **SIMILARITIES** * Prayers and Hymns * Veneration of Artifacts * Feasts * Symbolic Baths(Babtisms) * Self infllicted pains * Ritual Purity * * * *

Answer 5

* **16th Spain seized most of: (Both Amerindian Slavery)** * Central America (AZTECS) * W. South America (INCAN) * Mining Gold and Silver * Agriculture * wheat rice indigo cotton coffee sugar * Livestock * cattle * horse * sheep * **16th Portugal developed**: * Colonial Brazil * Sugar * Coffee * Livestock * Outpost of SW Africa Coast and E. Africa * Control Traffic to INDIA * **16th Century English Empires of Americas** * Seen as source of plunder * Atlantic Ocean Seen as barrier to colonies * **17th Century** * **Spain** * Joint stock companies of Holland + France $ * Privateering * Exploration * Commercial Venture * Holland Seize Sea trade lanes * ATLANTIC from SPAIN * INDIAN FROM PORTUGAL * **France** Overseas Expansion Delayed * 30 Years war * Following areas of interest * Canada * West indies * W. Africa * **England** Overseas Expansion Delayed * North America Civil Wars * Areas of interst * East Coast America * West Indies * **18th Century** * **England** and **France** * Primary Contenders of East North America * **Spain** and P**ortugal** * Keep Control of empires in: * Central and South America * Transatlantic Economy (trade) * Links peoples from * W. Europe * W. Africa * American Colonies * All Areas are both: * Suppliers * Consumers

Answer 6

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Answer 7

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Answer 8

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Answer 9

* 1 of 3 legs for Triangualr Trade Route * Transatlantic Slave Trade Route for Europeans * Europeans brought goods to africa * Purchased Slaves with goods(Must have is Weapons) * The route to americans/ Bringing Slaves * Deadly/ Many died during the voyage

Answer 10

* **Disease** from Europe to New World, Central and South America * Small pox * Flu * Malaria * Typhus * Measels/Mumps * Leaders of Central and South Amer. Died * STD moves to Europe (Syphilis) * **Tobacco** moves from New World * **Animal** Imports to America * Pigs * Eat everything * Multiplying fast * Oxen * Agriculture and Travel made easier * Horses * Made hunting easier for Natives * **Crop** Imports * Wheat/Tomato * Corn/Beans/sugar/spices * Potatoes * People Movement all over

Answer 11

* Late 16th and Early 17th Century Ruler **Ming Dynasty** * Son of Heaven * Poorly ran court and officials beneath him * Corruption common within Imperial Govt * Bribes * Famine * Irrigation disrepair * Little Ice Age * Revolt started by Li Zicheng * **Losing Mandate of Heaven**

Answer 12

* Series of Walls Contructed Heart of China * Keep out Nomads * Watch towers and army barracks * **Started contruction 8th Century BC** * Not unified until 3rd BC * Han and Sui Major Additions and Repairs * 2nd BC to 7th AD * **Tang and Song Made little Contributions** to wall * 7th to 13th century * **China defeated by mongols Yuan Dynasty** * late 13th to late 14th * **Ming Dynasty** * Revitalized and Extended Wall * new name **BORDER BARRIERS** * **Manchus conquered Ming** * ****Great Wall Importance FELL * Now tourist location