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Art History > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Vitaly Komar & Alexander Melamid

A

Do the first ever comprehensive scientific poll of American tastes in art

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2
Q

Paleolithic: Old Stone Age

A

Paleo = Old

30,000 - c. 10,000 B.C.E.

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3
Q

Mesolithic: Middle Stone Age

A

Meso = Middle

10,000 - c. 8,000 B.C.E.

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4
Q

Neolithic: New Stone Age

A

Neo = New

8,000 - c. 2,000 B.C.E.

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5
Q

Paleolithic Society

A

Major values expressed in art were: reproduction, nourishment, regeneration, survival

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6
Q

Paleolithic Art: Cave Paintings

A

Every animal in pre historic cave painting is presented in profile, whether dead, alive, standing, or sitting

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7
Q

Paleolithic Art: Cave Paintings

A

The artist laid a hand on the flat surface and made the outline by blowing charcoal or ocher pigment out of his mouth or through a blowpipe

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8
Q

Paleolithic Art: Cave Paintings

A

The artists can also create well defined lines by pressing his arm against the stone surface and blowing the pigment just below or above it

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9
Q

Paleolithic Art: The “Venus” Figure

A

“Venus figures have been interpreted as:
1. fertility symbols
2. expressions of ideal beauty
3. erotic images
4. ancestor figures
5. dolls to help young girls learn women roles
Figures always contain large, heavy breasts, a protruding belly, and wide hips

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10
Q

The Mesolithic Period

A

Due to the warming climate, human beings began to come out of the caves more and more

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11
Q

Neolithic Period

A

Human beings are transferring from being hunters, to herders, to farmers, to townspeople.
Writing appeared.
Pottery was invented and served to preserve the surplus production of grains

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12
Q

Neolithic Art: Cave Painting

A

Images of stylized male and female figures. Similar to the characteristic of the female “venus” figure to highlight reproductive potential, male figures have been portrayed with exaggerated calves and genetalia. Calves show physical strength as a provider, genetalia show male virility

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13
Q

Egyptian Art

A

The Egyptians had no word for “art” that corresponds with what we equate art to be today.
The ancient “art” pf Egypt. as we call it now, was first and foremost functional

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14
Q

Functions of Egyptian Art

A

To represent something or someone, is to reinforce its significance. Religion, death, and the afterlife, were of the most importance.

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15
Q

Principles of Egyptian Art

A

Figures are flat, simplified, and stylized.

Exhibited a consistent canon of proportions. A relationship established relating the scale of body parts to each other.

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16
Q

Incising

A

A technique in which a design or inscription is cut into a hard surface with a sharp instrument

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17
Q

Scale of Figures

A

In relationship to each other communicates hierarchy. Kings and deities were represented at nearly the same scale. A kings is always represented larger then his subjects.

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18
Q

Hierarchy

A

Exhibited through layering as well as scale

19
Q

Frontality

A

Used primarily in three- dimensional representations. Whether standing, sitting, or kneeling, the figure is facing directly straight ahead, neither turning or twisitng.

20
Q

Frontality is important to the functionality of the statue

A

Statues were created to play a significant role in worship of deities, kings, and the dead. These statuses were meant as places these beings could manifest themselves in order to receive ritual offerings. Due to this, its is important they face straight ahead to receive such an offering

21
Q

Chasing

A

A decorative metalworking technique, using a burin to scratch the surface

22
Q

Egyptian Art: Old Kingdom 3100-2100 BC

A

Upper and lower Egypt are unified and all power is concentrated on the pharaoh, King Narmer

23
Q

Mastabas

A

The first Egyptian funerary architecture

24
Q

Step Pyramid of King Zoser

A

Designed by imhothep the first known artist of recorded history

25
Q

“Ka” figure

A

A place for the ka to inhibit should mummification fall

26
Q

Recovery of Greece: 8th century BCA

A

Olympic Games in 776 were held in Athens

27
Q

Greek Art: Classical Art

A

Greek civilization is seen as the beginning of western ideas and culture

28
Q

Greek Art: Classical Art

Humanism

A

A system of belief in which humankind is viewed as the standard by which all things are measured

29
Q

Greek Art: Classical Art

Rationalism

A

The belief that ethical conduct is determined by reason; in philosophy, the theory that knowledge is derived from intellect, without the aid of the senses

30
Q

Greek Art: Classical Art

Naturalism

A

Representation that strives to imitate nature rather than to express intellectual theory

31
Q

Greek Art: Classical Art

Idealism

A

The representation of forms according to a concept of perfection

32
Q

The Geometric Period 900-700 B.C.

A

This period gets its name from the pieces of pottery heavily decorated with geometric designs common to this era

33
Q

The Orientalizing Period 700-600 B.C.

A

Eastern ideas had their greatest impact on the Greeks during the seventh century BC. Oriental designs changed the face of Greek pottery

34
Q

The Orientalizing Period: Characteristics

A

The filler used often dotted rosettes

35
Q

Protocorinthian

A

from Corinth

36
Q

The Archaic Period: approx. 660- 480 BC

A

Stone sculptures of the figure begin to appear and are very stiff and rigid

37
Q

The Archaic Period: approx. 660- 480 BC

A

The eyes are almond shaped, the hair is patterned, and the was an off smile on the lips

38
Q

The Archaic Period: approx. 660- 480 BC

A

Pottery is becoming more sophisticated and a style called black “Figure ware” emerges

39
Q

The Archaic Period: approx. 660- 480 BC

A

Stone sculptures of the figure begin to appear and are very stiff and rigid

40
Q

The Archaic Period: approx. 660- 480 BC

A

Human imagery is preferred to the decorative moifs of the past. Weight is evenly dispersed between both legs, the eyers are almond shaped, the hair is patterned, and there was an odd smile on the lips

41
Q

The Archaic Period: approx. 660- 480 BC

A

Pottery is becoming more sophisticated and a style called black “Figure ware” emerges

42
Q

Dying Warrior, from the past west pediment of the Temple of Aphaia

A

Notice:
Thick eyelids
Over- defined lips, resulting in unnatural expression
Recognizable stylized hair

43
Q

Erecrgeion the Athenian Acropolics

A

Constructed based on the iconic order

44
Q

Caryatids

A

Carved figures functioning as columns

Art History (2 decks)

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