Exam 1 Flashcards
Heritability
How much of a trait is inherited vs how much is not. The proportion of phenotypic variation among individuals in a population that are due to gene differences.
Coefficents of relatedness
proportion of genes shared between two people related in a certain way
Prevalence
The number of cases of a trait present in a population at a given time. - ALL CASES
Incidence
rate a which certain event occurs - NEW CASES
empiric risk
measures the likelihood that a trait will recur based on incidence
Dermatoglyphics
the study of fingerprints
Multifactorial traits
environmental factors or other genes that effect expression of trait
Mendelian
Trait influenced by a single gene
Polygenic
trait influenced by multiple genes
Gene Silencing
techniques block synthesis of or degrade mRNA
Genome editing
techniques create double stranded breaks in DNA helix, enables insertion or removal of sequence
Microarrays
Devices that detect and display mRNAs in cell
Bioremediation
Use of bacteria or plants to detoxify environmental pollutants
Genetically Modified foods
organisms altered to have genes from other species or to over/under express own genes
Objections: field test may not adequately predict the effects on ecosystems
leads to genetic uniformity
Biotechnology
use/alteration of cells /biological molecules for specific applications
transgenic organism
organism with DNA from different species
Recombinant DNA
comes from more than one type of organism -> possible b/c universality of genetic code
Central Dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Pleiotropy
single gene transcribes multiple effects
Cystic Fibrosis
disease that comes from a genetic mutation primarily affecting lungs and digestive systems
Protein Aggregate
misfolded protiens that clump together and sometimes trap other molecules in them
Epigenetic Changes
changes to chemical groups that associate with DNA are transmitted to daughter cells
Hemoglobin
4 globular polypeptide chains
Two Alpha, Two Beta
Beta has more
Chromatin remodeling
On/Off switch
MicroRNAs
Dimmer Switch
