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Human Genetics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Heritability

A

How much of a trait is inherited vs how much is not. The proportion of phenotypic variation among individuals in a population that are due to gene differences.

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2
Q

Coefficents of relatedness

A

proportion of genes shared between two people related in a certain way

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3
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of cases of a trait present in a population at a given time. - ALL CASES

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4
Q

Incidence

A

rate a which certain event occurs - NEW CASES

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5
Q

empiric risk

A

measures the likelihood that a trait will recur based on incidence

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6
Q

Dermatoglyphics

A

the study of fingerprints

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7
Q

Multifactorial traits

A

environmental factors or other genes that effect expression of trait

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8
Q

Mendelian

A

Trait influenced by a single gene

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9
Q

Polygenic

A

trait influenced by multiple genes

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10
Q

Gene Silencing

A

techniques block synthesis of or degrade mRNA

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11
Q

Genome editing

A

techniques create double stranded breaks in DNA helix, enables insertion or removal of sequence

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12
Q

Microarrays

A

Devices that detect and display mRNAs in cell

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13
Q

Bioremediation

A

Use of bacteria or plants to detoxify environmental pollutants

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14
Q

Genetically Modified foods

A

organisms altered to have genes from other species or to over/under express own genes
Objections: field test may not adequately predict the effects on ecosystems
leads to genetic uniformity

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15
Q

Biotechnology

A

use/alteration of cells /biological molecules for specific applications

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16
Q

transgenic organism

A

organism with DNA from different species

17
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

comes from more than one type of organism -> possible b/c universality of genetic code

18
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

19
Q

Pleiotropy

A

single gene transcribes multiple effects

20
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

disease that comes from a genetic mutation primarily affecting lungs and digestive systems

21
Q

Protein Aggregate

A

misfolded protiens that clump together and sometimes trap other molecules in them

22
Q

Epigenetic Changes

A

changes to chemical groups that associate with DNA are transmitted to daughter cells

23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 globular polypeptide chains
Two Alpha, Two Beta
Beta has more

24
Q

Chromatin remodeling

A

On/Off switch

25
Q

MicroRNAs

A

Dimmer Switch

Human Genetics (1 decks)

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