Exam 1

Question 1

Independent Variable

Answer 1

Factor being deliberately changed (experimental group)

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

Measured result of an experiment

Question 3

Hypotheses

Answer 3

Testable and falsifiable explanation for a scientific observation/question

Question 4

Testable

Answer 4

Supported/rejected by carefully designed experiments or non-experimental studies

Question 5

Falsifiable

Answer 5

Can be ruled out by data

Question 6

Placebo

Answer 6

Mimics experiences of the experimental group; doesn’t produce response except for what is imagined

Question 7

Macromolecules

Answer 7

Large organic molecules composed of subunits called monomers

Question 8

How are Macromolecules built?

Answer 8

Dehydration synthesis - monomers are joined together when water is removed; monomers link together to form polymer chains

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Repeating subunits of simple sugars; drives/fuels energy

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

Folded polymers made of repeating units of amino acids

Question 11

Lipds

Answer 11

Have “substructures” of glycerol and fatty acids; no repeating monomers

Question 12

Nucleic Acids

Answer 12

Polymers of repeating nucleotide subunits

Question 13

Cells

Answer 13

Basic building blocks of life and smallest unit of living organisms

Question 14

Why is water such a good solvent?

Answer 14

Polar Molecule - one pole is partial positive charge, other is partial negative charge; electrons not shared equally; electrostatic attractions - hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

Diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration of water.

Question 16

Active Transport

Answer 16

Solutes are pumped across cell membrane from lower concentration to higher concentration with the help of transport proteins; requires energy

Question 17

Simple Diffusion

Answer 17

Tendency of dissolved substances to move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration; no energy required

Question 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 18

Solutes move across a membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration with the help of transport proteins; no energy required

Question 19

Cell Membrane

Answer 19

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, semipermeable. Bilayer is hydrophilic (heads out toward water) and hydrophobic (tails
in away from water)

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

Swelling; higher solute concentration inside cell, cells take on water to balance to surrounding solution

Question 21

Hypertonic

Answer 21

Shrink/shrivel; higher solute concentration outside cell, cells release water to balance to surrounding solution

Question 22

Isotonic

Answer 22

Same concentration inside/outside; no release/take on of water by cell

Question 23

Antibiotics Kill/Suppress Bacteria

Answer 23

Cross prokaryotic cell membrane using transport proteins. Bacteria can resist antibiotics using transport proteins, and pump antibiotic out of cell.

Question 24

Breast Cancer

Answer 24

No relation between cancer and antiperspirant use; aging, family history (mutated breast cancer-related genes), lifestyle choices (excessive smoking and alcohol consumption) all associated causes

Question 25

Normal pH Range

Answer 25

Normal range 7.35-7.45; scale of 0(acidic)-14(basic); Lungs - release carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) to regulate/raise body’s pH balance by reducing acidity, Brain - monitors how much carbon dioxide to exhale to maintain balance, Kidneys - release acids/bases into blood at much slower rate

Question 26

Long term effects of Antibiotics

Answer 26

Drug resistance may develop, yeast infection, inflammation of large intestine (pseudomembranous colitis), and sepsis - chemical release out of balance to fight infections can result in damage to organs