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NURS 366 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Newborn awake HR

A

100-180

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2
Q

At what point does exercise HR go from less than or equal to 220 to less than or equal to 200?

A

3 months - 2 years

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3
Q

define growth

A

a physiologic increase in size through cell multiplication or differentiation

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4
Q

What are examples of growth?

A

weight, height, head circumference

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5
Q

define development

A

physiological, psychosocial, and cognitive, changes occurring over one’s life span.
–> leads to new activities and behavior patterns

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6
Q

what are examples of development?

A

rolls over, starts crawling

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7
Q

What is the age range for an infant?

A

birth-1 year

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8
Q

What is the age range for a toddler?

A

1-3 years

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9
Q

What is the age range for a preschooler?

A

3-6 years

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10
Q

What is the age range for a school age child?

A

6-12 years

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11
Q

What is the age range for an adolescent?

A

12-19 years or older

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12
Q

What are the 6 principles of growth & development?

A
  1. Development is orderly and sequential
  2. Development is directional
  3. Development is unique
  4. Development is interrelated
  5. Development becomes increasingly differentiated
  6. New skills predominate
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13
Q

Who is responsible for the psychosexual theory?

A

freud

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14
Q

Who is responsible for the psychosocial theory?

A

Erikson

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15
Q

Who is responsible for the cognitive development theory?

A

Piaget

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16
Q

Who is responsible for the moral development theory?

A

Kholberg

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17
Q

What are the 3 components of Freud’s theory?

A
  1. ID
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
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18
Q

What is the ID?

A

unconscious mind, instinct

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19
Q

What is the ego?

A

conscious mind, self

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20
Q

What is the superego?

A

conscious - moral

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21
Q

What are Freud’s 5 stages?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latent
  5. Genital
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22
Q

What is the age range for the oral stage? What is the major source of pleasure during this stage?

A

a. birth - 1 year.

b. Major source of pleasure is centered on oral activities - sucking, biting, and chewing

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23
Q

What is the age range of the anal stage? What is the major interest during this stage?

A

a. 1 - 3 years

b. Interest centers on anal region as sphincter muscles develop

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24
Q

What is the age range for the phallic stage? What is the major interest during this stage?

A

a. 3 - 6 years

b. Interest centers around the genitals.

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25
Q

What do children recognize during the phallic stage?

A

the difference between the sexes. They take on roles such as baking and playing with cars

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26
Q

What is the age range for the latent stage? What is the major interest during this stage?

A

a. 6-12 years

b. Interest is centered on gaining knowledge and on play

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27
Q

What is the age range for the genital stage? What is the major interest during this stage?

A

a. 12- up

b. Maturation of reproductive system - major interest is with relationships and friendships

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28
Q

What are Erikson’s 5 psychosocial stages? With ages?

A

a. Trust vs. mistrust (birth-1 year)
b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3)
c. Initiative vs. guilt (3-6)
d. Industry vs. inferiority (6-12)
e. Identity vs. role confusion (12-18)

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29
Q

What happens during the trust vs. mistrust stage?

A

establishment of trust in response to basic needs - feeding and crying

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30
Q

What happens during the autonomy vs. shame stage?

A

centered on increased ability to control their bodies, themselves, and their environment. ME DO, toilet training and walking.

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31
Q

What happens during the initiative vs. guilt stage?

A

Interest centers on exploration of the world. DEVELOPS CONSCIENCE. Dressing themselves.

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32
Q

What happens during the industry vs. inferiority stage?

A

Interest centers on tasks. Learn to rules and learn to cooperate.

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33
Q

What happens during the identity vs. role confusion stage?

A

Rapid and marked physical changes. Preoccupied with self and appearance. PEERS have a large influence.
i.e. someone with a chronic illness who looks different might feel self-conscious

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34
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 cognitive development stages? Age range?

A
  1. sensorimotor (birth - 2 years)
  2. Preoperational (2 - 7 years)
  3. Concrete operations (7-11 years)
  4. Formal operations (11-15 years)
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35
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage governed by?

A

governed by sensations in which simple learning takes place

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36
Q

What 2 things develop during the sensorimotor stage?

A
  1. sense of cause and effect

2. object permanence

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37
Q

What is the preoperational stage characterized by?

A

characterized by egocentrism, unable to put oneself in another’s place

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38
Q

What is the thinking like in the preoperational stage?

A

concrete and tangible and cannot reason beyond the OBSERVABLE

39
Q

What is thought like in the concrete operations stage?

A
  1. logical and coherent
40
Q

What are children in the concrete operations stage able to do?

A

problem solve

41
Q

What is the thinking like in the formal operations stage?

A

adaptable and flexible. Can think in abstract terms and can draw conclusions.

42
Q

What are the 3 stages of Kohlberg’s moral development theory? Age ranges?

A
  1. Preconventional level (1-6 years)
  2. Conventional level (6-12 years)
  3. Post conventional (12-18 years)
43
Q

What do kids 1-3 years of age in the preconventional level of Kohlberg’s stages understand?

A

Understand the concept of good and bad, and they obey to avoid punishment.

44
Q

What do kids 3-6 years of age in the preconventional level of Kohlberg’s stages understand?

A

Understand the concept of right behavior

45
Q

What do kids in the conventional level of Kohlberg’s stages do? What are they concerned with?

A
  1. obey the rules

2. concerned with loyalty and conformity. Try to be nice

46
Q

What do kids in the post-conventional level of Kohlberg’s stages do? What are they guided by?

A
  1. formal operations

2. Guided by society to develop ethics

47
Q

How does height change within the 1st year of life?

A

increase by 1 ft during fist year of life

48
Q

How does weight change within the first year of life?

A
  1. doubles by 6 months

2. triples by 1 year

49
Q

How does the head circumference change within the 1st year of life?

A

grows to chest circumference by 1st year

50
Q

Define gross motor skills. Give examples

A

able to use large muscle groups to maintain balance and for locomotion. i.e. crawling and walking

51
Q

define fine motor skills. Give examples

A

able to coordinate hand-to-eye movements in an orderly manner. i.e. holding bottle, pinky

52
Q

What are gross motor skills for infants?

A

hand control, rolling over, sitting, and crawling

53
Q

What are gross motor skills for toddlers?

A

walking, jumping.

54
Q

What are gross motor skills for pre-schoolers?

A

riding a tricycle, skipping, and jumping rope

55
Q

What are gross motor skills for school age?

A

organized sports

56
Q

What are fine motor skills for infants?

A

hold a bottle and hanging objects

57
Q

What are fine motor skills for toddlers?

A

throw a ball overhand, build towers, and grasp small object

58
Q

What are fine motor skills for pre-schoolers?

A

drawing and dressing

59
Q

What are fine motor skills for school age?

60
Q

What 3 development theories apply to infants?

A
  1. Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
  2. Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust
  3. Freud’s oral stage
61
Q

What are 3 priorities for educating parents who have infants?

A
  1. PREVENT INJURY
  2. stranger and separation anxiety
  3. teeth eruption starts at age 6-8 months
62
Q

What is the first form of communication for infants?

63
Q

What 4 development theories apply to toddlers?

A
  1. Freud’s: phallic and anal
  2. Erikson’s: initiative vs. guilt, autonomy vs. shame & doubt
  3. Piaget: preoperational stage, sensorimotor, preconceptual phase
  4. Kohlberg: preconventional stage, RITUAL (Blankets)
64
Q

What is 1 major growth and development thing that happens in toddlers?

A

decreased appetite

65
Q

What are 3 things to educate parents on for toddlers?

A
  1. temper tantrums
  2. toilet training
  3. negativity NO
66
Q

What are 2 development milestones for toddlers?

A
  1. can unless self: 1-2 years

2. walks alone 12 months-14 months

67
Q

What slows? What matures for a pre-schooler?

A
  1. physical growth

2. body systems - can ride a bike and run

68
Q

What are 5 things to educate parents on for pre-schoolers?

A
  1. nightmares and night terrors - reassure
  2. diversion of aggressive behavior - biting
  3. set limits
  4. readiness for pre-school and kindergarten
  5. should start routine dental visits at 3 years
69
Q

What are 3 things pre-schoolers can do?

A
  1. throw a ball overhand
  2. climb well
  3. button clothes
70
Q

What are 5 physiological changes that school-age children experience?

A
  1. weight/height increase
  2. heart rate slows
  3. RR slows
  4. loses baby teeth
  5. ugly duckling phase - no front teeth
71
Q

What 4 development theories apply to school-age?

A
  1. Freud: latent
  2. Erikson: industry vs. inferiority: active and involved
  3. Piaget: concrete operations
  4. Kohlberg: conventional
72
Q

What are 4 things to educate parents on for school age?

A
  1. kids need to go to school
  2. peers are important
  3. nutrition counseling for obesity prevention
  4. not appropriate to lie and cheat
73
Q

What are 3 developmental milestones for school age?

A
  1. can read
  2. jump rope
  3. can roller skate
74
Q

What physiological development occurs during adolescence?

A

Time of puberty with development of secondary sex characteristics. Maturation of sexual organs

75
Q

When do females peak height?

A

about age 11, or 6-12 months before menarche

76
Q

When do males peak height?

A

about age 13

77
Q

True or false: weight increase does not follow same growth curve as height

78
Q

What 4 development theories apply to adolescents?

A
  1. Freud: genital
  2. Erikson: identity vs. role confusion
  3. Piaget: formal
  4. Kohlberg: post-conventional
79
Q

What are 4 things to educate parents on for adolescents?

A
  1. sexual relationships
  2. peers biggest influence
  3. depression
  4. drug/alcohol use
80
Q

What 2 development milestones occur in adolescents?

A
  1. muscle development

2. some lack of coordination during growth spurt

81
Q

Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between what ages?

A

3-6 months

82
Q

Use of mama occurs between what ages?

A

9-12 months

83
Q

Linking syllables between what ages?

A

6-9 months

84
Q

Cooing occurs between what ages?

A

birth-2 months

85
Q

An infant should be crawling at what age?

A

8-10 months

86
Q

1 mL = how many cc

87
Q

1 oz –> mL

88
Q

1 tsp –> mL

89
Q

1 liter –> mL

90
Q

1 mg –> mcg

91
Q

1 gram –> mg

92
Q

1 grain –> mg

93
Q

1 kg –> lbs

94
Q

What are pediatric meds usually prescribed as?

NURS 366 (7 decks)

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