Exam 1 Flashcards
Divisions of Nervous System
- central
2. Peripheral
CNS Function and Controls __
mental processes (thinking, understanding, problem solving) Controls: perception and discrimination of sensory information (can discriminate between hot and cold)
PNS functional systems
somatic & autonomic
Somatic nervous system controls:
Two components:
controls: conscious sensory perception and voluntary movement
Components: cranial nerves and spinal nerves
CNS is protected by what 3 barriers
- skull & spinal column
- meninges
- cerebrospinal fluid
Autonomic Nervous System function:
What two main components:
function: involuntary control of glands and visceral system (large organs of the body: bowels)
Sympathetic & parasympathetic
Human Skull has ___ plates joined together
8
Opening at base of the cranial vault that serves as a conduit for brain stem to connect to spinal cord
Foramen Magnum
Spinal Column consists of ___ vertebrae
33
5 categories of vertebrae
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
opening in center of vertebrae (rough circular opening):
vertebral foramen
Notches between vertebrae (spinal nerves exit through these notches)
intervertebral foramina
Foramen = ___, foramina = __
opening, plural openings
Meninges are the
protective covering of the brain and spinal cord
Meninges are made up of what 3 membranes?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid
- Pia Mater
Dura mater =
outermost component of meninges.
- outer surface adheres to the skull, inner surface attaches to next layer, the arachnoid
Bleeding above the dura (outer surface) =
Bleeding below the dura (inner surface) =
epidural (extradural) hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage
Accumulation of blood =
hematoma
Dural reflections (4) (or dural septum)=
inner dural layer folds in on itself
- Falx Cerebri
- falx cerebelli
- Tentorium Cerebelli
- Diaphragma Sellae
Arachnoid =
middle layer of meninges
- no blood vessels
- does not conform closely to contours of the brain
- Creates space between it and the next layer (pia mater) - called subarachnoid space
- This space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
- Some large spaces at the base of the brain between arachnoid and pia mater = cisterns
- Some large spaces at the base of the brain between arachnoid and pia mater =
cisterns
Pia Mater =
- inner most layer of meninges
- adheres closely to the surface of the brain
- inner surface contains no blood vessels
- outer surface has veins and arteries
- bleeding between pia mater and arachnoid
bleeding between pia mater and arachnoid =
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebrospinal fluid =
Fills the =
bathes the entire CNS
- subarachnoid space
- subarachnoid cisterns, large cavities deep within the brain called ventricles
T/F - Brain’s right and left hemispheres are not separate entities
True
Hemispheres are connected by:
band of fibers/nerves - corpus callosum
Average brain weighs ___ lbs
Composed of ___ water,
___ neurons, glial cells & connective tissue
3
3/4 (78%)
1/4
4 Major divisions of brain =
- cerebrum
- diencephalon
- brainstem
- cerebellum
Cerebrum is the surface of the brain with gyri and sulci
(ridges), (Grooves)
Two prominent gyri =
precentral gyrus & postcentral gyrus
Sulcus between the precentral and post central gyri =
central sulcus
Deepest and longest fissure lies between the two cerebral hemispheres =
Superior Longitudinal Fissure or longitudinal fissure
Other prominent fissures:
- Central (or rolandic) fissure
- Sylvian (lateral) fissure
- Transverse Fissure
Cerebral Lobes (4):
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
Frontal
- lower boundary in each hemisphere is the lateral (sylvian fissure)
