Exam 1

Question 1

Founder of psychoanalysis?

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

What did Freud study?

Answer 2

Hysteria and interpretation of dreams

Question 3

Where was the first time Freud visited the US?

Answer 3

Clark University

Question 4

Who carried on Freud’s work?

Answer 4

His daughter, Anna Freud , working with children

Question 5

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 5

Energy builds up, is released, is not destroyed, only transformed

Question 6

Second Force?

Answer 6

Behaviorism, systematic desensitization,cognitive therapy

Question 7

Third Force?

Answer 7

Collective attempt to cope with WW2 and Holocaust, hamunistic/person centered, existential

Question 8

Post modern theories?

Answer 8

Multicultural and Feministic

Question 9

Randomized control trials?

Answer 9

best way to see if treatment works. Random assignment

Question 10

Empirically supported treatment?

Answer 10

generally based on at least two randomized control trials and use a treatment manual

Question 11

Evidence based practice?

Answer 11

The conscientious & judicious use of current best evidence from clinical care research in the management of individual patients

Question 12

Meta-analysis?

Answer 12

Combines results of many individual studies in order to look at overall weight of evidence

Question 13

Theoretical integration?

Answer 13

Synthesis of two or more theories into a single conceptualization

Question 14

Technical Eclecticism?

Answer 14

Use of “the optimal approach for each client based on the disorder, characteristics of the client, and the context in which the problem occurs

Question 15

Common factors?

Answer 15

Using the common things from multiple theories into one

Question 16

DoDo bird verdict?

Answer 16

By Saul Rozenzweig , says that all validated therapies have the same outcome across the board

Question 17

Jerome Franks 4 common factors?

Answer 17

Good relationship between patient and therapist, belief in the power of the therapist and their ability to heal, rationale for the treatment approach, structured procedures and rituals

Question 18

Michael Lambert 4 common factors?

Answer 18

Client and extracurricular activities, relationship factors, placebo hope and expectancy factors, model and technique factors

Question 19

Criticism of common factors approach?

Answer 19

Some treatments are better than others for certain diagnosis, and some treatments can have negative effects on certain diagnosis

Question 20

Making sense of the world?

Answer 20

Inferences & interpretations about our own and others internal state (goals, desires, motivations, beliefs) / theory of the mind, mentalization, meaning-making

Question 21

Social influence?

Answer 21

Emotions and behaviors are socially contagious, patients come be ready to be socially influenced

Question 22

Connectedness / expectation / mastery

Answer 22

A good relationship with the therapist enhances patient’s sense of belongingness , therapist give a hopeful explanation and give a sense of hope

Question 23

Therapeutic alliance?

Answer 23

Quality of the relationship between therapist and client ; based on a warm bond , agreement on the therapy tasks, and confidence in the clients ability to achieve therapy goals

Question 24

Dynamical systems theory?

Answer 24

Set of elements that interact and continually evolve over time / when stress becomes too much to manage the system will become less stable , but it also opens up to new information for better or for worse

Question 25

What equals change?

Answer 25

Affective engagement + Cognitive processing

Question 26

How does positive change happen?

Answer 26

Having clients face their fears with exposure helps the client to relearn

Question 27

Critical fluctuations?

Answer 27

The system becomes open to new information, for better or worse, leading to sudden nonlinear changes

Question 28

Posttraumatic growth?

Answer 28

Following trauma exposure, people who are more upset initially do better in the long run than those who are less upset initially (one event causes big change)

Question 29

Crystallization of discontent?

Answer 29

Even day-to-day stresses and negative emotion can accumulate to the point that a person hits a similar threshold or tipping point (small stresses add up to big change)

Question 30

Sudden gains?

Answer 30

Some people will experience a sudden improvement at some point over the course of therapy

Question 31

Depression spike?

Answer 31

Some people will experience a sudden worsening in their depression (or other symptoms) over the course of therapy

Question 32

Cusp catastrophe?

Answer 32

Relapse is also nonlinear and sudden, for example in substance use disorder treatment

Question 33

What is cultural competence?

Answer 33

Actively seeking to build and maintain skills and knowledge relevant to the cultural background (and other aspects of human diversity) of your patients

Question 34

Three levels of cultural competent psychotherapy?

Answer 34

Person level, process level, skills and intervention level

Question 35

Person Level?

Answer 35

Recognition of the potential impact of one’s personal values and biases on how a patient and their concerns are perceived, knowledge of the patients culture, ability to use therapy skills in a cultural based way

Question 36

Process level?

Answer 36

Scientific mindfulness geared towards hypothesis testing, instead of jumping to conclusions with a patient of a particular cultural background / flexibility with doing normal therapy and being able to culturally adapt it

Question 37

Skills and intervention level?

Answer 37

Modifying therapies to increase match to a patient’s culture, context, and language

Question 38

Treatment content?

Answer 38

Choosing activities or treatments and goals that align with patient’s values and life circumstances ; using relevant metaphors

Question 39

Structural adaptations?

Answer 39

Adding new components (including family members in treatment ; doing case management for low income patients)

Question 40

Treatment delivery

Answer 40

Remaining flexibility to adapt to external demands (irregular work schedules, travel distance, etc.)

Question 41

Therapist client racial / ethnic match?

Answer 41

Not enough evidence for this

Question 42

Therapist client behavior match?

Answer 42

Much more evidence for this. Match in the terms of communication styles, metaphors, expectations of therapist self disclosure

Question 43

Resulted in greater improvement than standard interventions?

Answer 43

Culturally adapted interventions

Question 44

Cultural humility?

Answer 44

Willingness to perceive the self accurately, avoidance of self enhancement , oppenness , ability to acknowledge one’s limitations and mistakes