Exam 1 Flashcards
Founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
What did Freud study?
Hysteria and interpretation of dreams
Where was the first time Freud visited the US?
Clark University
Who carried on Freud’s work?
His daughter, Anna Freud , working with children
What is thermodynamics?
Energy builds up, is released, is not destroyed, only transformed
Second Force?
Behaviorism, systematic desensitization,cognitive therapy
Third Force?
Collective attempt to cope with WW2 and Holocaust, hamunistic/person centered, existential
Post modern theories?
Multicultural and Feministic
Randomized control trials?
best way to see if treatment works. Random assignment
Empirically supported treatment?
generally based on at least two randomized control trials and use a treatment manual
Evidence based practice?
The conscientious & judicious use of current best evidence from clinical care research in the management of individual patients
Meta-analysis?
Combines results of many individual studies in order to look at overall weight of evidence
Theoretical integration?
Synthesis of two or more theories into a single conceptualization
Technical Eclecticism?
Use of “the optimal approach for each client based on the disorder, characteristics of the client, and the context in which the problem occurs
Common factors?
Using the common things from multiple theories into one
DoDo bird verdict?
By Saul Rozenzweig , says that all validated therapies have the same outcome across the board
Jerome Franks 4 common factors?
Good relationship between patient and therapist, belief in the power of the therapist and their ability to heal, rationale for the treatment approach, structured procedures and rituals
Michael Lambert 4 common factors?
Client and extracurricular activities, relationship factors, placebo hope and expectancy factors, model and technique factors
Criticism of common factors approach?
Some treatments are better than others for certain diagnosis, and some treatments can have negative effects on certain diagnosis
Making sense of the world?
Inferences & interpretations about our own and others internal state (goals, desires, motivations, beliefs) / theory of the mind, mentalization, meaning-making
Social influence?
Emotions and behaviors are socially contagious, patients come be ready to be socially influenced
Connectedness / expectation / mastery
A good relationship with the therapist enhances patient’s sense of belongingness , therapist give a hopeful explanation and give a sense of hope
Therapeutic alliance?
Quality of the relationship between therapist and client ; based on a warm bond , agreement on the therapy tasks, and confidence in the clients ability to achieve therapy goals
Dynamical systems theory?
Set of elements that interact and continually evolve over time / when stress becomes too much to manage the system will become less stable , but it also opens up to new information for better or for worse
What equals change?
Affective engagement + Cognitive processing
How does positive change happen?
Having clients face their fears with exposure helps the client to relearn
Critical fluctuations?
The system becomes open to new information, for better or worse, leading to sudden nonlinear changes
Posttraumatic growth?
Following trauma exposure, people who are more upset initially do better in the long run than those who are less upset initially (one event causes big change)
Crystallization of discontent?
Even day-to-day stresses and negative emotion can accumulate to the point that a person hits a similar threshold or tipping point (small stresses add up to big change)
Sudden gains?
Some people will experience a sudden improvement at some point over the course of therapy
Depression spike?
Some people will experience a sudden worsening in their depression (or other symptoms) over the course of therapy
Cusp catastrophe?
Relapse is also nonlinear and sudden, for example in substance use disorder treatment
What is cultural competence?
Actively seeking to build and maintain skills and knowledge relevant to the cultural background (and other aspects of human diversity) of your patients
Three levels of cultural competent psychotherapy?
Person level, process level, skills and intervention level
Person Level?
Recognition of the potential impact of one’s personal values and biases on how a patient and their concerns are perceived, knowledge of the patients culture, ability to use therapy skills in a cultural based way
Process level?
Scientific mindfulness geared towards hypothesis testing, instead of jumping to conclusions with a patient of a particular cultural background / flexibility with doing normal therapy and being able to culturally adapt it
Skills and intervention level?
Modifying therapies to increase match to a patient’s culture, context, and language
Treatment content?
Choosing activities or treatments and goals that align with patient’s values and life circumstances ; using relevant metaphors
Structural adaptations?
Adding new components (including family members in treatment ; doing case management for low income patients)
Treatment delivery
Remaining flexibility to adapt to external demands (irregular work schedules, travel distance, etc.)
Therapist client racial / ethnic match?
Not enough evidence for this
Therapist client behavior match?
Much more evidence for this. Match in the terms of communication styles, metaphors, expectations of therapist self disclosure
Resulted in greater improvement than standard interventions?
Culturally adapted interventions
Cultural humility?
Willingness to perceive the self accurately, avoidance of self enhancement , oppenness , ability to acknowledge one’s limitations and mistakes
