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Health Continuum 1: Individual Adaptive Res. > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Thermoregulation def

A

is the process of maintaining the core body temperature at a nearly constant value

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2
Q

what happens when your temp is increased

A

blood vessels dialate giving flushed appearance

sweat glands become more active

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3
Q

what happens when your temp is decreased

A

blood vessels constrict trapping heat in deeper tissues
sweat glands become less active
skeletal muscle contract causing shivering

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4
Q

All individuals, regardless of age, gender, or race, are potentially at risk for high or low temps

A

know this

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5
Q

Populations at greatest risk for problems with thermoregulation are

A

Very young persons
Very old persons
Poor persons
Persons living in very hot or cold climates

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6
Q

what are the primary preventions of heat loss or too much heat

A

Avoid exposure to temperature extremes
Maintain the optimal ambient temperature in the home
Dress appropriately for the temperature
Engage in physical activity appropriate to temperature conditions

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7
Q

treatment depends on the

A

underlying cause, core temperature, age of the patient, and overall patient condition

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8
Q

Overall goal is to

A

bring body temperature into the normal temperature range before long-term effects occur

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9
Q

what are the strategies for hypothermia

A

Remove the person from cold
Provide external warming measures
Provide internal warming measures

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10
Q

Core rewarming must be done slowly to minimize the risk for dysrhythmias. Cardiac monitoring is required when the patient is recovering from severe hypothermia.

A

know this

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11
Q

what are the strategies for hyperthermia

A 
Remove excess clothing and blankets
Provide external cool packs
Provide a cooling blanket
Hydrate with cool fluids (oral or intravenous)
Lavage with cool fluids
Administer antipyretic drug therapy
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12
Q

What are signs of respiratory distress in infants?

A

low respirtations, chest muscles working hard, blue lips, little grunting noises

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13
Q

convection def

A

heat loss or gain through air currents

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14
Q

radiation def

A

loss of heat into surrounding air

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15
Q

evaporation def

A

loss of heat from air moluecles going back into air

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16
Q

conduction def

A

heat gain from direct contact

17
Q

What will a nurse see upon assessment of the cold newborn

A 
Muscle activity increases
Increased crying
Restlessness
Cool skin
Acrocyanosis
Position of flexion
Metabolic activity increases resulting in increased oxygen demand; see increased respirations
18
Q

babies cannot shiver

A

know this

19
Q

babies have brown fat

A

know this

20
Q

what is the Goal of care for infants for thermoregulation

A

to maintain a neutral thermal environment for the neonate in which heat balance is maintained.

21
Q

Fever (hyperpyrexia) def

A

An elevation in set point such that body temperature is regulated at a higher level; may be arbitrarily defined as temperature above 38° C (100.4° F)

22
Q

Set point def

A

The temperature around which body temperature is regulated by a thermostat-like mechanism in the hypothalamus

23
Q

Hyperthermia def

A

Body temperature exceeding the set point, which usually results from the body or external conditions creating more heat than the body can eliminate such as in heat stroke, aspirin toxicity, seizures, or hyperthyroidism

24
Q

what will the nurse see in hyperthermia

A 
Elevated temperature
Shivering
Vasoconstriction
Warm, Flushed skin
Diaphoresis
Feeling cold
Increased heart rate
Increased muscle tone (stiffness)
25
Q

what are the physical benefits of hyperthermia

A

Increased white blood cell activity
Increased interferon production and effectiveness
Antibody production
Some enhancement of antibiotic effects

26
Q

Stress def

A

an internal or external event or demand of life experienced by the individual that is perceived and appraised for scope and meaning on a continuum to determine whether resources and abilities for managment are available, exceeded, or exhausted

27
Q

what is the clincal mangemant primary prevention steps

A

Stress management and reduction techniques
Counseling
Maintenance of positive relationships
Family, friends, social networks, and others
Maintenance of optimal health
Wellness programs
Health education
prevents people from becoming sick and stressed

28
Q

what are some pharmacological therpy for stress

A 
Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics
Antidepressants
Psychotherapeutics
Muscle relaxants
Antimigraine agents
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
29
Q

coping def

A

Cognitive means and behavioral actions to manage internal or external situations perceived as difficult and/or beyond the individual’s current resources.

Being action oriented toward a goal of changing a situation

30
Q

what is primary appraisal in coping asessment

A

Cognitive assessment
Primary appraisal
Initial assessment of stressor to determine
if stressor is a threat

31
Q

what is secondary appraisal in coping asessment

A 
Secondary appraisal
Evaluation of resources to 
Overcome the stressor
Eliminate the stressor
Reduce the stressor
after 2nd, ENGAGEMENT
32
Q

what are 3 types of coping strategies

A

Problem-focused
Emotion-focused
Meaning focused

33
Q

General Risk Factors:

Maladaptive Coping

A 
Inability to accurately assess stressor
Denial or avoidance
Actual or perceived lack of control
Actual or perceived lack of support
No experience or poor past experiences in managing stressful situations
34
Q

individual risk factors for coping

A 
Impaired cognition
Limited resources
Age
Changes in health status
Chronic health conditions
35
Q

during the nursing assessment for coping, what is the goal, history, and examination

A 
Goal: Determine individual’s appraisal stage and coping strategies
History
Perception of threat
Past coping patterns
Medical history
Social history
Examination
Observation of behavior
Mental health assessment
36
Q

what is the primary prevention for clincal manifestation for coping

A

Primary prevention
Exercise, nutrition, relationships, social support
Motivational Interviewing as a tool

Education
Developing an action plan
Accessing resources
Cognitive restructuring

Health Continuum 1: Individual Adaptive Res. (1 decks)

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