Exam 1

Question 1

Thermoregulation def

Answer 1

is the process of maintaining the core body temperature at a nearly constant value

Question 2

what happens when your temp is increased

Answer 2

blood vessels dialate giving flushed appearance

sweat glands become more active

Question 3

what happens when your temp is decreased

Answer 3

blood vessels constrict trapping heat in deeper tissues
sweat glands become less active
skeletal muscle contract causing shivering

Question 4

All individuals, regardless of age, gender, or race, are potentially at risk for high or low temps

Answer 4

know this

Question 5

Populations at greatest risk for problems with thermoregulation are

Answer 5

Very young persons
Very old persons
Poor persons
Persons living in very hot or cold climates

Question 6

what are the primary preventions of heat loss or too much heat

Answer 6

Avoid exposure to temperature extremes
Maintain the optimal ambient temperature in the home
Dress appropriately for the temperature
Engage in physical activity appropriate to temperature conditions

Question 7

treatment depends on the

Answer 7

underlying cause, core temperature, age of the patient, and overall patient condition

Question 8

Overall goal is to

Answer 8

bring body temperature into the normal temperature range before long-term effects occur

Question 9

what are the strategies for hypothermia

Answer 9

Remove the person from cold
Provide external warming measures
Provide internal warming measures

Question 10

Core rewarming must be done slowly to minimize the risk for dysrhythmias. Cardiac monitoring is required when the patient is recovering from severe hypothermia.

Answer 10

know this

Question 11

what are the strategies for hyperthermia

Answer 11

Remove excess clothing and blankets
Provide external cool packs
Provide a cooling blanket
Hydrate with cool fluids (oral or intravenous)
Lavage with cool fluids
Administer antipyretic drug therapy

Question 12

What are signs of respiratory distress in infants?

Answer 12

low respirtations, chest muscles working hard, blue lips, little grunting noises

Question 13

convection def

Answer 13

heat loss or gain through air currents

Question 14

radiation def

Answer 14

loss of heat into surrounding air

Question 15

evaporation def

Answer 15

loss of heat from air moluecles going back into air

Question 16

conduction def

Answer 16

heat gain from direct contact

Question 17

What will a nurse see upon assessment of the cold newborn

Answer 17

Muscle activity increases
Increased crying
Restlessness
Cool skin
Acrocyanosis
Position of flexion
Metabolic activity increases resulting in increased oxygen demand; see increased respirations

Question 18

babies cannot shiver

Answer 18

know this

Question 19

babies have brown fat

Answer 19

know this

Question 20

what is the Goal of care for infants for thermoregulation

Answer 20

to maintain a neutral thermal environment for the neonate in which heat balance is maintained.

Question 21

Fever (hyperpyrexia) def

Answer 21

An elevation in set point such that body temperature is regulated at a higher level; may be arbitrarily defined as temperature above 38° C (100.4° F)

Question 22

Set point def

Answer 22

The temperature around which body temperature is regulated by a thermostat-like mechanism in the hypothalamus

Question 23

Hyperthermia def

Answer 23

Body temperature exceeding the set point, which usually results from the body or external conditions creating more heat than the body can eliminate such as in heat stroke, aspirin toxicity, seizures, or hyperthyroidism

Question 24

what will the nurse see in hyperthermia

Answer 24

Elevated temperature
Shivering
Vasoconstriction
Warm, Flushed skin
Diaphoresis
Feeling cold
Increased heart rate
Increased muscle tone (stiffness)

Question 25

what are the physical benefits of hyperthermia

Answer 25

Increased white blood cell activity Increased interferon production and effectiveness Antibody production Some enhancement of antibiotic effects

Question 26

Stress def

Answer 26

an internal or external event or demand of life experienced by the individual that is perceived and appraised for scope and meaning on a continuum to determine whether resources and abilities for managment are available, exceeded, or exhausted

Question 27

what is the clincal mangemant primary prevention steps

Answer 27

Stress management and reduction techniques Counseling Maintenance of positive relationships Family, friends, social networks, and others Maintenance of optimal health Wellness programs Health education prevents people from becoming sick and stressed

Question 28

what are some pharmacological therpy for stress

Answer 28

``` Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics Antidepressants Psychotherapeutics Muscle relaxants Antimigraine agents Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ```

Question 29

coping def

Answer 29

Cognitive means and behavioral actions to manage internal or external situations perceived as difficult and/or beyond the individual’s current resources. Being action oriented toward a goal of changing a situation

Question 30

what is primary appraisal in coping asessment

Answer 30

Cognitive assessment Primary appraisal Initial assessment of stressor to determine if stressor is a threat

Question 31

what is secondary appraisal in coping asessment

Answer 31

``` Secondary appraisal Evaluation of resources to Overcome the stressor Eliminate the stressor Reduce the stressor after 2nd, ENGAGEMENT ```

Question 32

what are 3 types of coping strategies

Answer 32

Problem-focused Emotion-focused Meaning focused

Question 33

General Risk Factors: | Maladaptive Coping

Answer 33

``` Inability to accurately assess stressor Denial or avoidance Actual or perceived lack of control Actual or perceived lack of support No experience or poor past experiences in managing stressful situations ```

Question 34

individual risk factors for coping

Answer 34

``` Impaired cognition Limited resources Age Changes in health status Chronic health conditions ```

Question 35

during the nursing assessment for coping, what is the goal, history, and examination

Answer 35

``` Goal: Determine individual’s appraisal stage and coping strategies History Perception of threat Past coping patterns Medical history Social history Examination Observation of behavior Mental health assessment ```

Question 36

what is the primary prevention for clincal manifestation for coping

Answer 36

Primary prevention Exercise, nutrition, relationships, social support Motivational Interviewing as a tool Education Developing an action plan Accessing resources Cognitive restructuring