Exam 1 Flashcards
quality & issues defining it
the degree of excellence
performance
measurable attributes
features
secondary characteristics
reliability
likelihood of failure
conformance
meets standards and specifications
durability
how long a product will be suitable
service-ability
clean ability
aesthetics
individual preference and subjective evaluation
Breaking Strength and Elongation on Textile Fabrics (GRAB TEST)
Purpose: determines the breaking load and elongation
What textiles are used: cannot be used for knit
Specimen prep: sample cut longer than the metal clamps
Procedures and Equipment: 2 clamps pull the fabric in two directions until it breaks
Evaluation: 5-1
Interpretation of results: strength of yarns including yarns going in opposite direction
advantage: needs less time, more like actual use
disadvantages: takes more fabric, not an exact reflection of the strength of the yarn
Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (STRIP METHOD) cut and raveled strip
Purpose: determines breaking load and elongation
What textiles are used: cannot be used for knit
Specimen prep: full width of fabric is held by clamps that either cut or raveled
Procedures and Equipment: 2 clamps pull the fabric in two directions until it breaks
Evaluation: 5-1
the ravel test gets the accurate strength of the yarns before they’re woven
Diaphragm Tester
Purpose: tests bursting strength
What textiles are used: knit, non-woven, paper
Procedures and Equipment: rubber inflated at constant rate under specimen
Evaluation: 5-1
disadvantages: busting diaphragm, rubber deteriorates, gage turned-off; problematic with heavy double knits if too close to the top of dial, no rupture, gives different results than ball test
Ball Burst Tester
Purpose: tests bursting strength
What textiles are used: warp knit, double knits, fabrics w high degree of elongation, RIGID FABRICS
Procedures and Equipment: ball punctures through the fabric with force
Evaluation: 5-1
Falling Pendulum Test
Purpose: tearing strength
What textiles are used: woven fabrics
Procedures and Equipment: pendulum, Measures the work done in tearing through a fixed distance
Evaluation: measures tearing force in grams
Tongue/Slow Tear Test
Purpose:The force required to continue a tear started previously in the fabric
What textiles are used: woven fabrics
Procedures Equipment: clamps pull one torn piece of fabric in both directions
Evaluation:The force required to shift and to break one or more yarns at the same time
Interpretation of results: average of 5 highest peaks, 5-1
Accelerator Method/Test
Purpose: abrasion resistance, specimen is subjected to flexing, rubbing, shock, compression, and stretching
What textiles are used: tufted and pile fabric, knit, woven
Specimen prep: Use rubber adhesive to pinked edges
Procedures and Equipment:
Evaluation: Weight loss, 5-1
Grab strength loss (woven)
Rotary platform double-headed test
Purpose: abrasions resistance, A specimen is abraded using a rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action, One abrading wheel rubs the specimen, outward the periphery, and the other inward, toward the center
What textiles are used:
Procedures and Equipment:
Interpretation: Interpretation of the results can be performed by breaking the load using the raveled strip or cut strip ( Type of wheel (abradant) used, Residual breaking load, Percentage loss is breaking load, Cycles required to give specific amount of destruction
Evaluation: 5-1
Equation: See Strength Loss Card
inflated diaphragm test
Purpose: rubs against fabric blown up with diaphragm, abrasion resistance
What textiles are used: used for woven and knit
Procedures and Equipment: Specimen is abraded by rubbing either unidirectional or multi-directionally against abradant having specific surface characteristics, Continues to abrade until all fibers in the center of abrasion area is worn off and machine is stopped automatically
Evaluation: 5-1
Interpretation of results: Number of cycles, Color change, Luster change, Type of abradant, Type of abrasion (uni or multi directionally), Condition wet or dry
Oscillatory Cylinder Test
Purpose: abrasion resistance,
What textiles are used: woven
Procedures and Equipment: Abrasion resistance is measured by subjecting the specimen to an unidirectional rubbing action under known conditions of pressure, tension, and abrasive action, Consist of oscillating cylinder section and edge clamped to permit mounting of a sheet of abrasive material over its curved surface, Section should oscillate through an area of 3 inches long at a rate of 90 cycles/minute (double rubbing), It has 3 or 4 specimen holders; each arm has a set of controlled tension clamps and controlled pressure pad
Evaluation: 5-1
Interpretation of results: classified light, medium, or heavy duty
use strength loss equation*
Uniform Abrasion Test
Purpose: abrasion resistance
What textiles are used: wide range, good for carpet and pile
Procedures and Equipment: Abrasion is applied uniformly in all directions in the plane of the surface, die cut fabric
Evaluation: 5-1
Interpretation of results: type of abradant, amount of load used
Snagging Resistance Test of Fabric (Bean Bag test)
Purpose: snagging resistance
What textiles are used: not Net, Open construction fabric because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag rather than the specimen, Heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot be made into a cover for the bean bag, Tufted or non-woven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven and knitted fabrics
Procedures and Equipment: cover bean bag with fabric, Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100 revolutions in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner surface with rows of pins
Evaluation: 5-1
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics Mace Test
Purpose: snagging resistance
What textiles are used: a range except open construction like net
Procedures and Equipment: put fabric on drum and roll mace over it
Evaluation: 5-1
