Exam 1 Flashcards
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What is Double-Edged Protection?
Protection provided by the government that shields against external and internal threats, has the same legitimate monopoly on violence and has the trust of a significant portion of the population OR local thugs and racketeers who extract money from merchants in exchange of no damage - damage the strong man (protector) himself threatens to deliver.
What does states’ legitimacy really depend on?
- Governments monopolize violence regardless already
- Legitimacy is the probability that other authorities and power-holders will act to confirm the decisions of a given authority
- Little to do with the assent of the governed. It is about the conformity of other power holders
- Not just b/c of fear of relation, but to maintain a stable environment
What are the five types of power mentioned in the textbook?
1) Relational Power: capacity to impose your will on others but resist attempts in the reverse
2) Institutional Power: ability to control the agenda
3) Structural Power: material and discursive conditions for action
4) Hard: military
5) Soft: discursive/ economic/ social
Why is uni-polarity considered peaceful and durable?
Peaceful:
-Removes the problem of hegemonic rivalry
- Fosters international orders that are stable
- Until the emergence of a dissatisfied state powerful enough to challenge the status quo
- The leader must think itself capable of defending the status quo at the same time that the number two state believes it has the power to challenge
Durable:
-Sheer size and comprehensiveness of the power gap
- The second pillar—geography—is just as important
- States are tempted to free ride, pass the buck, or bandwagon in search of favors from the aspiring hegemon
- Regional unipolarity requires states to coordinate policies in traditional alliances
- Most of the counterbalancing was rhetorical(weak states work together)
- Absence of willingness to on part of the other great powers to accept any significant political or economic costs in countering U.S. power
- More bandwagoning(weak states align with a power for mutual benefit)
- Potential challengers have to first contend with local counterbalancing against them
Why are civilizational conflicts most likely in the future?
- Interactions between peoples of different civilizations increase (more differences appear)
- Economic modernization and social change separate people from longstanding local identities
- Differences such as history, language, culture, tradition, and religion*
- West vs NonWestern pressure their own agendas
- Cultural differences are less mutable
- Economic regionalism on the rise
What are cultural fault lines? Why are they significant?
What?
-Where “civilizations” meet, a divide of culture, religion, views
Why?
-Hotspots for bloodshed
-Religion has a tendency to cause international divides and violent environments
What are the fundamental principles of Realism and Liberalism?
Realism:
-Outside its own borders, the state operates in Anarchy
- Given that states inhabit this perilous place, they must, and do, pursue power
- What is advocated is a pursuit of states’ self-interests
- Statism, survival, self-help (realist thoughts)
Liberalism:
-Anarchy is an IR system trait, but not the cause of conflict; imperialism, the balance of power, or undemocratic regimes are more to blame
- Collective security, and/or commerce, and/or a world government might remedy the problem
- Common legal frameworks, and increased trade have been identified as pacifying influences - in part because they underline a natural harmony of interests
- Many liberalists have come to embrace the idea that peace has to be constructed
What is the world-systems theory?
- Development of less industrial countries was directly ‘dependent’ on the more advanced capitalist societies
- WST adds the notion of a semi-periphery. It counteracts upward pressure on wages in the core. It also offers a new home for industries that can no longer function profitably in the core
- The exploitative relationship that links these three zones ensures that “the rich get richer while the poor become poorer
- The three zones are linked together in an exploitative relationship in which wealth is drained away from the periphery to the core
What are some of the common principles that Realism and Liberalism share?
- Anarchy plays a part in the conflict
- States have needs they need to fulfill(different means of execution)
- Emphasis on international relations
What is the Kin - Country hypothesis?
- Sympathy from co-ethnic/co-religious states
- Arab world’s support for Saddam?
- Attention to Serbian attacks on Bosnian Muslims versus Croatian attacks on them. Western hypocrisy?
- Westernization versus Modernization
- States that were part of the cooperating civilizations were “kin”
