Exam 1 Flashcards
Key to the Silent Years
prophetic word has stopped
Ancient world powers and Daniel 2
Babylon-Gold
Persia-SIlver
Greece-Bronze
Rome-Iron
Cyrus II
from Isaiah & Daniel
most well known Persian King
Cyrus’ Repatriation Plan
send all conquered peoples back to their own lands
The biggest impact of Cyrus and the Persian Empire
the return of the Jewish people to the land
the rebuilding of the Temple
the rebuilding of the city of Jerusalem
Jews Under Persia
small, ignored, semi-independent state
strong religious identity centered around the Temple
strong national identity centered around the land
The Great Synagogue Council
High Priest increasing in civil power
The Great Synagogue COuncil
founded by Ezra to give theological and legal direction to people
Influence of Hellenism
spread of Greek culture across the ancient world
The spread of Greek ideas and religion
spread of a universal lannguage
some of the areas of Israel were Greek
What happened in the time of Ptolemy II in Judah?
The Greek version of the OT created called the LXX
What happened in the time of Antiochus IV in Judah
Maccabean Revolt
When was the Jewish Independence
after the Maccabean revolt
Difference between the Pharisees and Saduccees
Saduccees accepted the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty; liberal ones
Pharisees did not because they are not of Aaronic descent; pious ones
Essenes
separated from everything
more extreme than the pharisees
connected to the Dead Sea scrolls
Who was seen as the main authority and leader for the Jews
The High Priest
distinct from the Ot concept of priests and kings
Two Greatest impacts of the Roman Empire
Political Stability (Pax Romana)
Roman Roads (well-paved and easy to travel
Herod the Great
came to power through his father saving Julius Caesar’s life
puppet king of Caesar
enlarges the temple
Herod during Jesus’ birth
Herod the Great
Herod during Jesus’ return from Egypt
Herod Archelaus
Herod during Jesus’ ministry, trial, and crucifiction
Herod Antipas
Herod that killed James
Herod Agrippa I
Herod during Paul’s trials
Herod Agripa II
Slavery in the Roman Empire
most slaves were centered around economics
indentured servitude in order to pay off debts
forced to be teachers and doctors
Economic life in the Roman Empire
agrarian oriented
average person would either work in the fields or fish
The First Jewish Revolt
emporer steals from the Temple
The biggest impact of the 1st Jerusalem revolt
destruction of the temple and the scattering of the people
only John’s epistle was written after this
The Second Jewish Revolt
Hadrain promises to rebuild the temple, instead builds a temple to Zeus
Jews ultimately exiled from the land
Major Highways of Israel
Way of the Sea (Via Maris)- easiest way (mostly flat)
Kings Highway-the international “trade route”
Way of the Patriarchs- the “Ridge Route”
Judea
Jerusalem
ruled by Pontius Pilate
Samaria
non-Jewish area
avoided by the Jews
Galilee
ruled by Herod Antipas
Jesus’ home base for ministry
Perea
Herod Antipas ruled
key travel area for Jews
Decapolis
major Gentile region
10 Gentile cities near area
Pharisees
strict interpretation of the Torah
enforced the oral law
ruled the Synagogue
Respected by the people
Sadducees
loose interpretation of the Torah
rejected everything but the Torah
Rejected the Oral Law
Ruled the Temple
Wealthy
connected to Rome
Essenes
More Legalistic than the pharisees
removed from the public
dressed in white and lived in special houses
ritual purity
4000 of them
Sanhedrin
The Main Jewish Court
led by the High Priests
70 members that were pharisees and sadducees
governed over religious and political issues
Zealots
Religious bandits who opposed Rome
Herodians
influential and wealthy men who supported the Herodian dynasty
sympathized with Rome
Scribes (lawyers)
copiers and teachers of the Torah
strict interpretation of the Torah
created and enforced the Oral Law
Samaritans
considered non-Jewish
Hated the Jews
Hated by the Jews
The common people
religious and devoted Jews, not officially trained
Knew their OT and expected Messiah
worshipped in the Temple and synagogues
The Sanhedrin
Court of the Gentiles
Royal Stoop (southern area)
Solomon’s Portico (Jesus teaches here)
Court of Women (Temple treasury)
What did the majority of the common people think of the Messiah
would be a political, military king who would deal with the external crises faced by the nation
How many books in NT
27 by 8 or 9 authors
Structure of the the New Testament
Historical Literature
Epistolary Literature
Apocalyptic Literature
Historical Literature
4 Gospel and Acts
Why were the Gospels written?
apostolic witnesses were dying off and the Gospel was spreading globally
What does the book of Acts show?
the history of the church from its beginning in Jerusalem to its spread to Samaria and then the rest of the world
What is the Epistolary Literature?
letters to churches and individuals that expound on the person and work of Christ while addressing specific needs both doctrinally and practically
What is the Apocalyptic Literature?
Revelation
Prophecy that shows the culmination of history with the climax of Christ’s glorious return and kingdom
When was Matthew written
AD 50-60
When was Luke written
AD 60-61
When was acts written?
AD 62
When was Mark written?
AD 64-68
When was John written?
AD 80-90
Describe the Gospels?
accurate theological accounts of Christ’s person and work
accurate portraits of Christ which are theological and apologetic
Theme of Matthew
Jesus as the Messianic King
Theme of Mark
Jesus as the Servant Redeemer
Theme of Luke
Jesus as the Savior of the World
Theme of John
Jesus as the Sonf of God
definition of synoptic
seeing together
Matthew, Mark, and Luke share much of the same material and differ from John in content
The synoptic problem
Since the first three Gospels have similarities and differences, suggests dependency in some way between the three
literary dependence
one Gospel as the source for the other two
Independence view
each writer is independent from the others and bases his gospel off eyewitness accounts
What is vital for understanding the Bible as inerrant
harmonization
Documentary hypothesis
see the Gospels that we have as the finished product, but there were changes in how these three were produced
similarities also show that there was some type of dependence
gospels cannot successfully be harmonized
2/4 source
mark writes first and matthew and luke depend on mark
2 Gospel
Matthew writes first, Luke depends on Matthew, Mark depends on both
Distinctive Identity of Matthew
Portrait of Christ: Messiah-King
Original Audience: Jews
Place of Writing: Syrian Antioch or Palestine
Geography: Concentrates on Galilean Ministry
Teaching Style: more public
Relationship to other Gospels: Complementary
Distinctive Identity of Mark
Portrait of Christ: Servant-Redeemer
Original Audience: Gentile
Place of Writing: Rome
Geography: Concentrates on Galilean Ministry
Teaching Style: more public
Relationship to other Gospels: Complementary
Distinctive Identity of Luke
Portrait of Christ: Perfect Son of Man
Original Audience: Gentile
Place of Writing: Rome/Greece
Geography: Concentrates on Galilean Ministry
Teaching Style: more public
Relationship to other Gospels: Complementary
Distinctive Identity of John
Portrait of Christ: Son of God
Original Audience: Universal
Place of Writing: Ephesus
Geography: Concentrates on Judean Ministry
Teaching Style: more Private
Relationship to other Gospels: Supplementary
