Exam 1 Flashcards
Globalization
the intensification of economic, political, and cultural relations across borders.
what causes globalization to spread
information technologies
IGO’s
two or more states working together towards a common goal
ex: United Nations, European Union, the world bank, OPEC, African Union, ASEAN
the united nations
created in 1945
p-5: Great Britain, United States, Russia, China, France
purpose is collective security
millennium developmental goal -> sustainable development goal
security council
NGO’s
“civil society”
work outside the government
Red Cross, green peace, world vision, habitat for humanity
Multinational corporations (MNC’s/TNC’s)
guided by profit
what are “nations”?
a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
what are modern states?
political units that have a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical forces
what are the components of the modern state
empires wars mapping social contract nationalism anti colonialism
treaty of Westphalia (1648)
a series of peace treaties that ended the 30 years war and 80 years war
what was state sovereignty
the right of a government to rule itself without interference from outsides
components of a sovereign state
population
territory
government
sovereignty
what is self-determination
the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government
what was the history behind self-determination
it was the aftermath of ww1 and was part of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points of peace
only for Western European nations only
what were the political advantages and disadvantages of globalization
adv: weakens power of authoritarian government
dis: unwanted external influence, difficult to keep out
what were the economic advantages and disadvantages of globalization
adv: jobs, capital, more choices for consumers
dis: exploitative, only benefits a few; gap between rich and poor
what were the cultural advantages and disadvantages of globalization
adv: offers exposure to other cultures
dis: cultural imperialism
what is nationalism
A shared sense of identity based on important social distinctions that has the purpose of keeping control of a groups’ own destiny.
Civic nationalism
Inclusive, connected through territory
ex: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
ethnic nationalism
Exclusive, shared heritage
ex: Croatia, Bulgaria
anti state nationalism
Used to protest a state’s gov’t
pro state nationalism
Pride of citizenship in one’s country
ex: national anthem
what was the purpose of nationalism
to unite people for a common cause, particularly to form a state.
consequences of nationalism
ethnic separatist movements (Kurdish separatism)
non violent and anticolonial movements (arab spring, quit India)
far right nationalism
strong charismatic leader
populist parties and speeches, promised economic growth
importance of religion
tries to change laws/the constitution
consequences of far right nationalism
intolerant of opposition and of ethnic minorities
suffocates NGO’s and civil society
resists globalization
popular will
Party formed in Venezuela after pres Hugo Chavez violated basic civilian human rights. Supports progress, democracy, and social action.
relationship popular will has between state/self determination
Venezuela used its physical forces during their protests and wanted their government fixed.
hard power
The use of military and economic means to influence the behavior/interests of other political bodies
Kurt Campbell
soft power
ability to attract and co-opt, rather than coerce
Joseph Nye
smart power
combination of hard power and soft power strategies
UN Council members
secretariat general assembly the security council trusteeship council economic and social council international court of justice
the security council
UN/Int’l goal to prioritize human lives/rights over anything else.
human security
UN/Int’l goal to prioritize human lives/rights over anything else.
main cases of death in the world
1994 Human Development Report: Hunger/Disease
Climate Change: Drought/Deforestation, Agriculture decline, lack of food
Overpopulation & Lack of Resources: Oil/Water
UN peacekeepers
“Blue Helmets”
neutral third parties sent by the UN to inhibit conflict by fulfilling one of two roles:
> observers or peacekeepers
UN peace building
Avoids relapsing into conflict by strengthening national capacities and laying foundations for peace.
terrorism
The unlawful use of violence, specifically against civilians, to achieve a political goal.
list of terror organizations:
Hezbollah, Boko Haram, Al Quaeda, etc
truman doctrine
(1947)
Pres Harry Truman declared foreign policy of US to assist any country whos’ stability has been threatened by communism.
Bush doctrine
(2001) Declared terrorism as the new global security threat
Oct 2001 Afghanistan invasion
March 2003 Iraq invasion
Cold War
arms race (usa vs Russia)
1950s-1990s
domino effect - Formation of new alliances, NATO combats communism, Warsaw pact
cuban missile crisis - 1962 containment
east vs west vs third world
Germany divided - Berlin Wall (iron curtain)
ended after fall of ussr
league of nations
(1920)
First worldwide IGO who’s principle was primarily world peace after WWI
failed because countries realized that the league didn’t have any power
world war II
1939-1945
axis and allied powers
began when Nazi Germany invaded Poland
Paris Peace Treaty: (1947) Left WWI losers unhappy
Rise of Nationalism
Atrocities: Holocaust, Japanese war crimes, rape, torture, medical experiments
1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact
Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943)
Pearl Harbor (7 Dec 1941)
D-Day (6 June 1944)
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Surrender: May 7, 1945 Germany Surrendered
horizontal weapon proliferation
Spread/sale of weapons across national borders
conventional (3) WMD (4)
vertical weapon proliferation
Stockpiling weapons in one nation’s borders
conventional (4) WMD (3)
conventional weapons
guns, tanks, ships, bombs
not as deadly as WMD
greater likelihood of war, social cost
us military spending, #1 in military spending
weapons of mass destruction
states develop and increase their nuclear arsenal
security
nuclear disasters
nuclear weapons
tremendous explosive power
us was the first to develop nuclear weapons and only country to use it on another country
also chemical and biologically based
chemical: cheap and easy to make, toxins
biological: viruses, 2001 anthrax mail
arms sales
private companies
problems with arms sales
deadly returns
us weapons in 2003 Iraqi war
isis seized US weapons given to Iraq
main provisions of the NPT
1968
prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
use nuclear energy for peaceful goals
development of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes as a right
main provisions of the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons
122 members of UN voted, Netherlands abstained, 69 members (including nws) didn’t vote
prohibited to develop, test, stockpile, transfer, threaten, finance to use nuclear weapons
