Exam 1

Question 1

Cell Theory & Pasture Experiment

Answer 1

All cells rose from preexisting cells, Louis Pasture made two flasks w/ nutrient broth, one grew cells

Question 2

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Answer 2

hereditary/genetic info is encoded in genes/ located on chromosomes

Question 3

What determines EN?

Answer 3

of protons in nucleus and distance between nucleus and valence shell

Question 4

Difference between covalent and ionic bonds

Answer 4

covalent shares e, ionic one completely take

Question 5

Closed systems vs isolated

Answer 5

closed can exchange E but not matter, isolated can’t exchange either

Question 6

1st Law of Thermo

Answer 6

E can’t be destroyed or created

Question 7

What makes a run spontaneous?

Answer 7

When products have lower PE than reactants, and when product molecules are less ordered than reactant molecules

Question 8

Why is freezing an exothermic process?

Answer 8

Even though the molecules have less entropy in ice, the 2ndlaw of thermodynamics is preserved because the heat energy that is release will increase disorder in the environment

Question 9

2nd Law of Thermo

Answer 9

Entropy always increases in spontaneous reactions

Question 10

Stanley Miller Experiment

Answer 10

Put simple molecules in container, added electrical pulses, created complex amino acids (mimicked early life)

Question 11

Monomers

Answer 11

molecular subunit used to build macromolecules

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

Large # of macromolecules bonded together

Question 13

what makes water an important molecule?

Answer 13

good solvent bc polar, serves as a temp buffer bc of high specific heat (h-bonds), plays large role in metabolism

Question 14

DOGMA of amino acids

Answer 14

amino acids, proteins, living cells, tissues, organs

Question 15

What makes RNA?

Answer 15

chemicals in the nucleus

Question 16

What makes RNA the ability to give rise to life?

Answer 16

can function as a catalytic molecule, can replicate, interact, and evolve with their environment

Question 17

ribozyme

Answer 17

a folded hair of RNA capable of guiding a specific chemical reaction (function determined by shape, shape determined by sequence)

Question 18

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 18

phosphate, nitrogenous base, and 5 carbon sugar

Question 19

Difference between deoxyribose and ribose

Answer 19

deoxy has -H, ribose has -OH

Question 20

How do nucleic acids form

Answer 20

nucleotides polymerize vio phosphodiester linkages (polymerization driven by ATP)

Question 21

What forces form 2ndary structures of DNA/RNA

Answer 21

hydrophobic/phillic interactions and H bonds