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Biology 211 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Structural Hierarchy

A
  1. Human Body
  2. Organ System
  3. Organ
  4. Tissue
  5. Cells
  6. Organelles
  7. Macromolecules
  8. Molecules
  9. Atom
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2
Q

What is an Example of Codominance

A

Blood

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3
Q

What is the Mitochondria

A
  • The Powerhouse of the cell
  • Responsible for the production of ATP
  • Contains their own DNA
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4
Q

What is a Solution

A

Any particulate matter dissolved in a liquid

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5
Q

What is a Non Polar Molecule

A

A molecule with two Negative Charges

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6
Q

What is the Superior Position

A

Above

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7
Q

What is the Sagittal Plane

A

Extends vertically and divides the body into right and left halves

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8
Q

What are the 6 Organelles

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Golgi Apparatus
  5. Lysozomes/Peroxisomes
  6. Mitochondria
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9
Q

Example of an Atom

A

Carbon

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10
Q

What is needed for ATP

A

Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins

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11
Q

What is an Anion

A

Negatively Charged Ion

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12
Q

What is the pH of Water

A

7.0

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13
Q

What is an example of Hydrophilic

A

Alcohol

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14
Q

What are 3 Primary Disaccharides

A
  1. Sucrose
  2. Lactose
  3. Maltose
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15
Q

What are 3 primary Polysaccharides

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Starch
  3. Glycogen
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16
Q

What is a Plasma Membrane

A

A double layer of phospholipids that envelopes the cell

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17
Q

What are types of monomers

A
  • Amino Acid
  • Nucleotides
  • Monosaccharides
  • Fatty Acid
  • Glycerol
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18
Q

Example of an Organelle

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

What is the Frontal Plane

A

Extends Vertically and Divides the body into Dorsal and Ventral regions

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20
Q

What is Posterior Position

A

Towards the Dorsal Side

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21
Q

Example of a Tissue

A

Cardiac Muscle

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22
Q

What is an example of Polygenic Inheritance

A
  • Eye Color

- Skin Tone

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23
Q

What is the Inferior Position

A

Below

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24
Q

What is DNA consisted of

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
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25
What is a Monomer
One Molecule
26
Example of a Molecule
Amino Acid
27
Example of a Cell
Cardiomyocytes
28
What is a Cation
Positively Charged Ion
29
Auscultation and Percussion
What does it sound like?
30
What is the Traverse Plane
Extends Horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior reigions
31
What do proteins do in our body
1. Structure 2. Communication 3. Transport 4. Catalysis 5. Recognition and Protection 6. Movement 7. Cell Adhesion
32
What is a Covalent Bond
- Very Strong, Not easily broken. | - Involves sharing of electrons between atoms
33
Example of an Organ System
Cardiovascular System
34
What is Exocytosis
Process that sends particles or liquid out of the cell
35
What is Negative Feedback
A process by which the body detects a change and then tries to reverse those changes
36
What is the Distal Position
Farther from the point of attachment or origin
37
What is Translation
Process of making a protein using the information encoded in the RNA
38
What is a Polar Molecule
A molecule with one positive charge and one negative charge | For Example: Water
39
What is Endocytosis
Process by which particles or liquid are brought into the cell
40
What happens if you have a low pH
It Denatures proteins, DNA, RNA and prevents cells from functioning
41
What is Transcription
Process of making a copy of the DNA into mRNA
42
What is Osmosis
the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient
43
Histology (Microanatomy)
Study of structures at the microscope
44
What does it mean to be Isotonic
When the concentration is the same inside and out
45
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures that we can see with a naked eye
46
What is Incomplete Dominance
Describes a situation where two different types if dominant alleles lead to a "middle ground" Phenotype
47
What is Active Transport
Describes a situation when a solute travels against its concentration gradient. Does require ATP
48
What is an Ionic Bond
- Pretty Weak | - Involves transfer of electrons from one atom to another
49
What is a Hydrogen Bond
- Very weak - No Transfer of Electrons - Very Important in Biology
50
What is the Proximal Position
Closer to the point of attachment or origin
51
What is the Lateral Position
Away from the median plane
52
What is Polygenic Inheritance
When more than one gene contributes to a particular phenotype
53
What is a Serous Fluid
it is the Membrane Secrete Lubricating Fluid
54
What is in the Ventral Cavity
- Thoracic Cavity { Mostly Occupied by the lungs. Examples for this are Mediastinum, which holds the Esophagus, Trachea, Larynx, Heart and Pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart Abdominopelvic Cavity { Abdominal Cavity which includes Digestive Organs, Spleen and Kidney. Pelvic Cavity which includes Bladder, Rectum and Reproductive Organs }
55
What is a Neutron
Neutral Charge
56
What is Phagocytosis
Cell Eating
57
What does it mean to be hypertonic
When the concentration of a solute is greater on the outside than the inside
58
What is RNA consisted of
- Adenine - Guanine - Cytosine - Uracil
59
What is the Dorsal Position
Toward the back for example the spine
60
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Very Selective and Most common form of endocytosis where cells only take in certain solutes in certain quantities
61
What does it mean to be Hypotonic
When the concentration is lower on the outside than inside
62
What Reaction uses energy? | Anabolic or Catabolic
Anabolic
63
What reaction does not use energy? | Anabolic or Catabolic
Catabolic
64
What is an example of Hydrophobic
Oil
65
What is in the Dorsal Cavity
- Cranial Cavity { Brain } | - Vertebral Canal { Spinal Cord }
66
What is the Cytoskeleton
Collection of protein filaments that supply structural support and transport within the cell
67
What is the Visceral Layer
it Lies on the Surface of an Organ
68
What is Facilitated Diffusion
Describes a situation in which solute travel across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient . Does not require ATP
69
Palpation
what does it feel like?
70
What is Mitosis
"normal" cell division where one cell divides to produce TWO genetically identical cells. almost all cells in our body divide this way
71
What is a Phenotype
term that describes how alleles are expressed (i.e., our outward appearance or characteristics)
72
What is Hydrolysis
Addition of Water required to break polymers into monomers
73
What is a Proton
Positive Charged
74
What is a Electron
Negative Charged
75
How many Pairs of Chromosomes are there
- 22 pairs of autosomes - 1 pair of sex chromosomes - 23 Total
76
What is Hydrophobic
Molecules do not dissolved well in water
77
What is Melosis
“special” cell division used to produce gametes (sperm and eggs)… each cell produced contains HALF the normal amount of genetic material
78
What is a Polymer
It includes many molecules
79
What is Anterior Position
Towards the Ventral Side
80
What is Organic Chemistry
Is the study of Carbon Containing Compound
81
What is Hydrophilic
Molecule dissolved in water
82
What is Anatomical Position
1. Standing Upright 2. Feet Flat on the Ground 3. Arms at side 4. Palms facing forward 6. Eyes and Face forward
83
What are the 5 Major Lipids
1. Fatty Acid 2. Triglycerides 3. Phospholipids - Elcosanoids - Steroids
84
Example of an Organ
Heart
85
What is Dehydration Synthesis
Required for polymerization, involves removal of water
86
What is the Superficial Position
Closer to the body's surface
87
What is a Biological Catalyst
Enzymes
88
What is the general cell structure
1. Cell Membrane 2. Organelles 3. Cytoplasm
89
Example of a Macromolecule
DNA
90
What is Deep Position
Further to the body's surface
91
What is the Medial Position
Towards the median plane
92
What is Pinocytosis
Cell Drinking
93
What is an Oxidation
A reaction in which a molecule gives up an electron
94
What are the two different types of transport
- Facilitated Diffusion | - Active Transport
95
What is the pH of Blood
7.4
96
What is a Reduction
A reaction in which a molecule Gains an election?
97
What is a Genotype
term that describes the GENETIC makeup of our cells
98
What is Codominance
Describes a situation where an individual has two difference dominant alleles and are both are expressed in the phenotype
99
What is Ventral Position
Toward the front for example the belly
100
What are types Polymers
- Proteins - DNA, RNA - Polysaccharides - Lipids, Fats
101
What is the Parietal Layer
it Lines a Cavity
102
Are enzymes specific or non specific?
Specific
103
What is Positive Feedback
A process by which the body detects a change and causes a greater change in the same direction
104
What are Carbohydrate Monomers
- Glucose - Galactose - Fructose

Biology 211 (1 decks)

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