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Biology 211 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the Structural Hierarchy

A
  1. Human Body
  2. Organ System
  3. Organ
  4. Tissue
  5. Cells
  6. Organelles
  7. Macromolecules
  8. Molecules
  9. Atom
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2
Q

What is an Example of Codominance

A

Blood

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3
Q

What is the Mitochondria

A
  • The Powerhouse of the cell
  • Responsible for the production of ATP
  • Contains their own DNA
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4
Q

What is a Solution

A

Any particulate matter dissolved in a liquid

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5
Q

What is a Non Polar Molecule

A

A molecule with two Negative Charges

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6
Q

What is the Superior Position

A

Above

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7
Q

What is the Sagittal Plane

A

Extends vertically and divides the body into right and left halves

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8
Q

What are the 6 Organelles

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Golgi Apparatus
  5. Lysozomes/Peroxisomes
  6. Mitochondria
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9
Q

Example of an Atom

A

Carbon

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10
Q

What is needed for ATP

A

Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins

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11
Q

What is an Anion

A

Negatively Charged Ion

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12
Q

What is the pH of Water

A

7.0

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13
Q

What is an example of Hydrophilic

A

Alcohol

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14
Q

What are 3 Primary Disaccharides

A
  1. Sucrose
  2. Lactose
  3. Maltose
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15
Q

What are 3 primary Polysaccharides

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Starch
  3. Glycogen
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16
Q

What is a Plasma Membrane

A

A double layer of phospholipids that envelopes the cell

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17
Q

What are types of monomers

A
  • Amino Acid
  • Nucleotides
  • Monosaccharides
  • Fatty Acid
  • Glycerol
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18
Q

Example of an Organelle

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

What is the Frontal Plane

A

Extends Vertically and Divides the body into Dorsal and Ventral regions

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20
Q

What is Posterior Position

A

Towards the Dorsal Side

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21
Q

Example of a Tissue

A

Cardiac Muscle

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22
Q

What is an example of Polygenic Inheritance

A
  • Eye Color

- Skin Tone

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23
Q

What is the Inferior Position

A

Below

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24
Q

What is DNA consisted of

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
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25
Q

What is a Monomer

A

One Molecule

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26
Q

Example of a Molecule

A

Amino Acid

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27
Q

Example of a Cell

A

Cardiomyocytes

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28
Q

What is a Cation

A

Positively Charged Ion

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29
Q

Auscultation and Percussion

A

What does it sound like?

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30
Q

What is the Traverse Plane

A

Extends Horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior reigions

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31
Q

What do proteins do in our body

A
  1. Structure
  2. Communication
  3. Transport
  4. Catalysis
  5. Recognition and Protection
  6. Movement
  7. Cell Adhesion
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32
Q

What is a Covalent Bond

A
  • Very Strong, Not easily broken.

- Involves sharing of electrons between atoms

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33
Q

Example of an Organ System

A

Cardiovascular System

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34
Q

What is Exocytosis

A

Process that sends particles or liquid out of the cell

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35
Q

What is Negative Feedback

A

A process by which the body detects a change and then tries to reverse those changes

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36
Q

What is the Distal Position

A

Farther from the point of attachment or origin

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37
Q

What is Translation

A

Process of making a protein using the information encoded in the RNA

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38
Q

What is a Polar Molecule

A

A molecule with one positive charge and one negative charge

For Example: Water

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39
Q

What is Endocytosis

A

Process by which particles or liquid are brought into the cell

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40
Q

What happens if you have a low pH

A

It Denatures proteins, DNA, RNA and prevents cells from functioning

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41
Q

What is Transcription

A

Process of making a copy of the DNA into mRNA

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42
Q

What is Osmosis

A

the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient

43
Q

Histology (Microanatomy)

A

Study of structures at the microscope

44
Q

What does it mean to be Isotonic

A

When the concentration is the same inside and out

45
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of structures that we can see with a naked eye

46
Q

What is Incomplete Dominance

A

Describes a situation where two different types if dominant alleles lead to a “middle ground” Phenotype

47
Q

What is Active Transport

A

Describes a situation when a solute travels against its concentration gradient. Does require ATP

48
Q

What is an Ionic Bond

A
  • Pretty Weak

- Involves transfer of electrons from one atom to another

49
Q

What is a Hydrogen Bond

A
  • Very weak
  • No Transfer of Electrons
  • Very Important in Biology
50
Q

What is the Proximal Position

A

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

51
Q

What is the Lateral Position

A

Away from the median plane

52
Q

What is Polygenic Inheritance

A

When more than one gene contributes to a particular phenotype

53
Q

What is a Serous Fluid

A

it is the Membrane Secrete Lubricating Fluid

54
Q

What is in the Ventral Cavity

A
  • Thoracic Cavity { Mostly Occupied by the lungs. Examples for this are Mediastinum, which holds the Esophagus, Trachea, Larynx, Heart and Pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart
    Abdominopelvic Cavity { Abdominal Cavity which includes Digestive Organs, Spleen and Kidney. Pelvic Cavity which includes Bladder, Rectum and Reproductive Organs }
55
Q

What is a Neutron

A

Neutral Charge

56
Q

What is Phagocytosis

A

Cell Eating

57
Q

What does it mean to be hypertonic

A

When the concentration of a solute is greater on the outside than the inside

58
Q

What is RNA consisted of

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
59
Q

What is the Dorsal Position

A

Toward the back for example the spine

60
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

Very Selective and Most common form of endocytosis where cells only take in certain solutes in certain quantities

61
Q

What does it mean to be Hypotonic

A

When the concentration is lower on the outside than inside

62
Q

What Reaction uses energy?

Anabolic or Catabolic

A

Anabolic

63
Q

What reaction does not use energy?

Anabolic or Catabolic

A

Catabolic

64
Q

What is an example of Hydrophobic

A

Oil

65
Q

What is in the Dorsal Cavity

A
  • Cranial Cavity { Brain }

- Vertebral Canal { Spinal Cord }

66
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton

A

Collection of protein filaments that supply structural support and transport within the cell

67
Q

What is the Visceral Layer

A

it Lies on the Surface of an Organ

68
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion

A

Describes a situation in which solute travel across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient . Does not require ATP

69
Q

Palpation

A

what does it feel like?

70
Q

What is Mitosis

A

“normal” cell division where one cell divides to produce TWO genetically identical cells. almost all cells in our body divide this way

71
Q

What is a Phenotype

A

term that describes how alleles are expressed (i.e., our outward appearance or characteristics)

72
Q

What is Hydrolysis

A

Addition of Water required to break polymers into monomers

73
Q

What is a Proton

A

Positive Charged

74
Q

What is a Electron

A

Negative Charged

75
Q

How many Pairs of Chromosomes are there

A
  • 22 pairs of autosomes
  • 1 pair of sex chromosomes
  • 23 Total
76
Q

What is Hydrophobic

A

Molecules do not dissolved well in water

77
Q

What is Melosis

A

“special” cell division used to produce gametes (sperm and eggs)… each cell produced contains HALF the normal amount of genetic material

78
Q

What is a Polymer

A

It includes many molecules

79
Q

What is Anterior Position

A

Towards the Ventral Side

80
Q

What is Organic Chemistry

A

Is the study of Carbon Containing Compound

81
Q

What is Hydrophilic

A

Molecule dissolved in water

82
Q

What is Anatomical Position

A
  1. Standing Upright
  2. Feet Flat on the Ground
  3. Arms at side
  4. Palms facing forward
  5. Eyes and Face forward
83
Q

What are the 5 Major Lipids

A
  1. Fatty Acid
  2. Triglycerides
  3. Phospholipids
    - Elcosanoids
    - Steroids
84
Q

Example of an Organ

A

Heart

85
Q

What is Dehydration Synthesis

A

Required for polymerization, involves removal of water

86
Q

What is the Superficial Position

A

Closer to the body’s surface

87
Q

What is a Biological Catalyst

A

Enzymes

88
Q

What is the general cell structure

A
  1. Cell Membrane
  2. Organelles
  3. Cytoplasm
89
Q

Example of a Macromolecule

A

DNA

90
Q

What is Deep Position

A

Further to the body’s surface

91
Q

What is the Medial Position

A

Towards the median plane

92
Q

What is Pinocytosis

A

Cell Drinking

93
Q

What is an Oxidation

A

A reaction in which a molecule gives up an electron

94
Q

What are the two different types of transport

A
  • Facilitated Diffusion

- Active Transport

95
Q

What is the pH of Blood

A

7.4

96
Q

What is a Reduction

A

A reaction in which a molecule Gains an election?

97
Q

What is a Genotype

A

term that describes the GENETIC makeup of our cells

98
Q

What is Codominance

A

Describes a situation where an individual has two difference dominant alleles and are both are expressed in the phenotype

99
Q

What is Ventral Position

A

Toward the front for example the belly

100
Q

What are types Polymers

A
  • Proteins
  • DNA, RNA
  • Polysaccharides
  • Lipids, Fats
101
Q

What is the Parietal Layer

A

it Lines a Cavity

102
Q

Are enzymes specific or non specific?

A

Specific

103
Q

What is Positive Feedback

A

A process by which the body detects a change and causes a greater change in the same direction

104
Q

What are Carbohydrate Monomers

A
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose

Biology 211 (1 decks)

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