Exam 1

Question 1

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 1

Substances that affect the function of the brain and are sometimes illegal to use and possess.

Question 2

Depressants

Answer 2

Slow down the central nervous system (Alcohol, Morphine, codeine, methadone, oxycodone, barbiturates and tranquilizers)

Question 3

Abuse

Answer 3

Implies the misuse of certain substances. Moral, not really scientific.

Question 4

Addiction

Answer 4

Chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite consequences.

Question 5

Influences on legality off drugs.

Answer 5

It’s all socially derived. Nicotine and Coke are biologically the same but not socially.

Normally there is no pharmacological difference

Question 6

Drug most associated with violent crime.

Answer 6

Herion

Question 7

Goldstein’s Tripartite model of crime and drugs.

Answer 7

Pharmacological, Economic compulsive, lifestyle

Question 8

Pharmacological Crime

Answer 8

Offenses that are psychopharmacology induced, that is, the result of a response to the intoxicating effects of a drug.

Question 9

Economic Compulsive

Answer 9

Crime driven by a need to buy drugs

Question 10

Lifestyle

Answer 10

Drug use as a part of a pattern of criminal behaviors not driven by or the result of drug use.

Question 11

What Goldstein fails to consider

Answer 11

Drug users who are draw into drug culture by the excitement it can entice.

Question 12

Schedule 1 Drugs

Answer 12

Most potential for abuse and dependence (Heroin, LSD, Weed, Ecstasy, methaqualone, peyote_

Question 13

Schedule 2 Drugs

Answer 13

High Potential (Vicodin, cocaine, meth, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, Ritalin)

Question 14

Schedule 3 Drugs

Answer 14

Moderate (Tylenol with codeine, ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.

Question 15

Schedule 4 Drugs

Answer 15

Low (Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Alwin, Ambien, Tramadol)

Question 16

Schedule 5 Drugs

Answer 16

Lowest (less that 200mg of codeine, Lomotil, otofen, lyfric, parapectollin)

Question 17

Social cost of alcohol abuse compared to illegal drugs/

Answer 17

Alcohol is much more social than other drugs.

Question 18

Prohibition

Answer 18

banned alcohol in 1919, 18th amendment. Everyone freaked out and crime was BIG.

Question 19

Temperance

Answer 19

Bunch of nancies wanted to get rid of alcohol. Intertwined with Nativism and was often a reaction to minority groups as well.

Question 20

Influence of demographics on opinion and drug use policy.

Answer 20

“What we think about addiction very much depends on who is addicted”
You can see with the Irish xenophobia how alcohol was looked at.
China and the Opium Wars
Southern African American Cocaine epidemic and the war on drugs
Crack with African Americans
Coke with the rich and upper class
State laws against marijuana are often part of a reaction to Mexican immigration
Systematic oppression and demographics negatively affected by legislation.

Question 21

Tolerance

Answer 21

Progressive increase in the ability of the body to adapt to the effects of a drug that is used at regular and frequent use.

Question 22

Reverse Tolerance

Answer 22

Use of a specific drug for a long period of time results in increased sensitivity as a result of the body’s dwindling ability to process the substance.

Question 23

Why are adolescents more vulnerable to drug abuse than adults?

Answer 23

Part of the brain where planning, reasoning and impulse control occur is immature.

Question 24

What is the significance of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 24

The Blood-Brain barrier keeps out substances from the brain, but allows psychoactive agents and anesthetics to pass through.

Question 25

Central Nervous System

Answer 25

The brain and complex wiring surrounding the spinal cord.

It receives information from the internal and external environment that has been translated into elector chemical messengers—neurotransmitters.

Question 26

Neurons

Answer 26

Brain cells.

Working bees of the brain arranged in chains that send information from the brain to the body in the form of electricity.

Question 27

Neurotransmitters

Answer 27

Chemicals that transmit messages between neurons.

Question 28

Agonists

Answer 28

Increase the activity of one or more neurotransmitters

Question 29

Antagonists

Answer 29

Decrease the activity of one or more neurotransmitters.

Question 30

MAOS (monoamine oxidases)

Answer 30

Control the neurotransmitters and do reuptake

Question 31

Polydrug use

Answer 31

Using one or more drugs.

Question 32

Additive

Answer 32

Two Drugs that have similar actions are ingested, and the effect is cumulative (1+1=2)

Question 33

Synergistic

Answer 33

Two drugs that have similar actions are ingested, but the effect of their joint action is more than cumulative (1+1=3)

Question 34

Potentiating

Answer 34

Two drugs have different actions, but when they are taken together, one enhances the effects of the other (1+1=4)

Question 35

Antagonistic

Answer 35

Two or more drugs are taken together, and one counteracts the effects of the other(s) (1+1=0)

Question 36

Homeostasis

Answer 36

A State of equilibrium achieved through self-adjusting characteristics of the body.